Various approaches to environmental management
Water Management
Introduction
Legislations & Regulations
Energy Management
Waste Management
Introduction
Legislations & Regulations
Introduction
Legislations & Regulations
promotes energy efficiency through
legislation
incentives
provide information
public education
10% energy challenge on 2008
raise awareness amongst singapore residents
energy conservation
Energy Conservation Act
Energy Market Authority Act
Electricity Act
Gas Act
Code on Envelop Thermal Performance for Buildings
introduced in 2013
target users consuming 15 GWh or more of annual energy consumption
improve Singapore's energy efficiency & competitiveness
main requirement
appointment of energy managers
reporting of energy use
submission of energy efficiency improvement plans
provide market framework for supply of electricity, gas & clean, renewable energy
competitive framework for gas industry
make provision for safety, technical & economic regulation of transportation & retail of gas
Energy Efficiency Programmes
Energy Smart Building Labelling Programme promote energy efficiency & conservation by giving recognition to energy efficient buildings
Mandatory Energy Labelling Scheme
from 1 January 2008
registered suppliers of air conditioners & refrigerators must affix Energy Label
retailers to affix the Energy Label on household appliances so consumers can choose products that are more energy efficient
Energy Efficiency National Partnership: encourage large energy consumers companies to improve energy efficiency & implement good practices
BCA Green Mark Scheme: promote sustainability in built environment & raise environmental awareness among developers, designers and builders when they start construction.
Singapore Certified Energy Manager (SCEM) Programme and Training Grant
co- funding scheme administered by 2ei to develop local expertise & capability in professional energy management
targeted at engineers/ managers who manage manufacturing facilities & buildings and provide energy services or engineering consulting services
Environmental Public Health (Toxic Industrial Waste) Regulations
Sewage and Drainage Act (Cap. 294) (2001)
Environmental Pollution Control Act (Cap.94) (2002)
Public Utilities Act (2002) (Cap. 261)
Public Utilities (Water Supply) Regulations
Singapore Standard SS 636: Code of Practice for Water Services
Public Utilities (Central Water Catchment and Catchment Area Parks) Regulations
authoritative guidance
design, installation, fixing and testing of potable water service installations in all residential, commercial and industrial buildings or premises
“No supply of water, except with the consent of the Board, be given otherwise than through a meter”
“No person shall install, or cause or permit to be or to remain installed… any water fitting in any premises which is not fitted with such water saving devices as may be stipulated by the authorised officer”.
make water metering and water saving devices mandatory in Singapore
responsibilities of PUB.
PUB is empowered to be responsible for matters related to drainage systems
sets allowable limits for liquid effluent discharge to sewers and waterways including temperature, BOD, COD, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, pH value, and 28 different chemicals
list the categories of toxic industrial wastes subject to specific legislated controls.
Environmental Public Health (Public Cleansing) Regulations
Environmental Public Health (General Waster Collections) Regulations
Environmental Public Health Act (Chapter 95)
Amended on 1 April 2014
mandatory reporting of waste data and submission of waste reduction plan by any owner, occupier or lessee of a work place
Covers on general waste collections
covers the collection of direct and non-direct refuse
The demand for water in Singapore is 430 million gallon a day and it is expected to double by 2060 with 70% going to non-domestic sector and the rest to the domestic sector
By 2011, two-thirds of Singapore land area will be used for water catchment to collect water and store them. With the help of technology, Singapore will be able to increase water catchment to 90% of Singapore's lannd area
However due to the lack of area in Singapore, the catchment size is also limited and therefore Singapore need to make sure that they recycle water
Singapore limited land area and dense population, an efficient system for the collection and disposal of waste is critically important.
NEA has overall responsibility for the planning, development and management of solid waste disposal facilities and operations.
Singapore growing population and booming economy have contribute to a 6-fold increase in the amount of solid waste disposed eversince independence .
licensing and regulation of solid waste collection and enforcement of illegal dumping.
In 1972 solid waste was 1200 tonnes a day until 2001 it has rise to a peak of 7,700 tonnes a day.
The solid waste management started off at homes and business.
Solid waste remains are collected and then send to various waste to energy plants for incineration.
During the incenaration, solid waste have been reduce the volume by 90% and produces steam that runs turbine-generators to generate electricity.
Ashes and other non-incinerable wastes are then transported to the Tuas Marine Transfer Station (TMTS) for the barging operation to Semakau Landfill where they are being disposed of.
60% of our waste is recycled with the remaining 38% incinerated and 2% landfilled directly at Semakau Landfill.
Therefore it is not sustainable for land-scarce Singapore to continue building incineration plants and landfills to cope with the growing demand for waste disposed.
cut household's consumption by 10% in five years time
Improve energy efficiency in all consuming sectors
households
buildings
power generation
industry
transport
Clean energy
By natural resources (solar, wind), less harmful to the environment
Singapore is promoting the development of clean energy
Solar photovoltaic and biofuels are the best for singapore
wind energy
wind speed are too low to use large wind turbines
technology is improving but wind energy remain weak
Limited sea space causing limited application
renewable energy from hydro or geothermal technologies
Restructured electricity industry
to introduce greater market competition
Developing clean energy industry by Singapore's Economic Development Board (EDB)
does not subsidise energy so not to encourage over-consumption
encourage industry to look for innovative solution and use new technologies
Singapore uses NEwater by producing safe and clean water as it is treated with cutting-edge membrane technology and it is in great demand for non-domestic customers
By 2011, with the commpletion of the fifth plant at Changi, they will be able to meet up to 30% og the water need from 15%
Singapore is 100% sewered and to meet the long term needs it has invested in Deep Tunnel Sewage System (DTSS) which helps in the collection of large amount of water that is used for recycling into high grade NEWater
Singapore also have desalination on top of all this and Singapore lastly have 17 reservoirs, 32 major rivers and more than 7000KM of canals and drains
Active, Beautiful, Clean (ABC) Water Programme
It will harness the full potential of our water bodies by bringing people close to water, providing a beautiful environment for all of us to enjoy and creating new lifestyle activities and attractions by creating commuity spaces
Unaccounted-for Water (UFW) stands for the measurement of water losses and is the difference between the volume of water delivered into a supply system and the volume of water accounted for by legitimate consumption
UFW is attributed by leaks and inherent meter errors and Singapore has a UFW rate of 4.5%(one of the lowest in the world) which is way lowered compared to 11% in the 1980s
Singapore had to embark on an comprehensive leakage control programme to curb losses through leakages in the transmission and distribution network