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ISSUES IN COLLECTING DATA, In experimental research terms, there can be no…

- - - - collecting research data (Denzin 1970:427)
        
        can take several tringulation forms.
        
        such as:
        
        Data triangulation
        
        means using a variety of strategies
        
        Investigator triangulation
        
        more than one observer contributes
        
        Methodological triangulation
        
        the use of different methods to collect data
        
        Theorical triangulation
        
        more than one possible interpretations
- - - - research procedures must be consistent.
        
        Nunan 1992 provides a clear definition:
        
        External (independient research reproduce the study)
        
        Internal (analysis and interpretation of data collection)
        
        On the other
        
        Inter-observer agreement/inter-rater agreement
        
        it means
        
        classroom research strive for at least 85% agreement.
- - - - discusses 3 types of validities such as:
        
        Construct validity
        
        Acording to Nunan 1992 is:
        
        a psychological "belief" that can means different things.
        
        Criterion-related validity
        
        measurement is used along with another form to measure a trait
        
        Treatment validity
        
        is identifiable different from whatever is being compared.
        
        Validity: summary
        
        according to Seliger and Shohamy 1989
        
        quality of data is determining by:
        
        technique and information provide by data collection
- - - - a form of validity in experimental research
        
        and
        
        is connected to consepts as:
        
        population
        
        the group of subject of interest
        
        sample
        
        group studied by teacher
        
        at the end
        
        appears the scores
        
        the results presented in numerical forms