Exclusion - This is where a person is intentionally left out or prevented from being involved in an activity. This does happen in an online environment (Securly, 2018).

Cyberbullying and Internalisation - The internalisation of feelings generated as a result of cyberbullying causes hopelessness, powerlessness, sadness, and depression. Cyberbullying causes stress, anxiety, and fear, as the victim is often scared for their safety. Cyberbullying also has a large effect on a person's psychosocial development, as they often experience issues with friendships, resulting in trust issues, social anxiety, and low self esteem (Nixon, 2014).

Cyberbullying is the use of digital technology to bully a person or group of people. the main form of cyberbullying is through threatening, intimidating, or embarrassing messages.

Unethical digital behaviour is when one acts in a way that is deemed irresponsible and unacceptable to the general public. Some examples of unethical behaviour is knowingly posting something online that others did not want shared; pretending you are someone else online; copying someones work and claiming it as your own; and forgery (Whiting and Pritchard, 2017).

There is no set rules to being ethical online. however, a useful practice to engage in when attempting to ensure ethical practice is to ask yourself questions such as: What language and tone are appropriate for a given situation?; What are the guidelines that govern a given online community?; How are sources used, remixed, and/or altered for a given audience? How are these sources to be referenced or cited fairly?; How do other users portray themselves online? (O'Reilly, 2021).

Undermining your work

Harassment - Online, this is where a person is bombarded with constant or sustained levels of harmful messages (Securly, 2018).

Outing or Doxing - This is where a person's personal or sensitive information is shared with the public. This is an extremely common form of online bullying, as anything can be shared instantly to a large audience by merely clicking a button (Securly,2018).

Cyberbullying and Somatic Concerns - Those effected by bullying or those conducting the bullying can experience physical aftereffects. These include problems sleeping, poor appetite, skin issues, nausea, and headaches (Nixon, 2014).