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THEORIES OF LEARNING - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Is defined as a change in behavior in the learner.
    - - Positive Reinforcement
        
        :candy: Treat
        
        It indicates the application of a stimulus.
        
        :smiley: Good behavior
      - Negative Reinforcement
        
        :angry: Bad behavior
        
        Indicates the withholding of a stimulus.
        
        :cry: Punishment
        
        :unamused:Positive Punishment
        
        Add something unpleasant.
        
        :no_entry:Negative Punishment
        
        Remove something desirable
    - - The learner starts off as a clean slate (tabula rasa).
      - Is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli
    - - known for his influence on behaviorism.
      - American psychologist
    - - Classical Conditioning
        
        It involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus.
        
        It involves no rewards.
      - Operant Conditioning
        
        It is about associating a voluntary behavior and a consequence.
        
        It involves rewards with incentives.
- - - - Symbolic mental constructions.
      - Schemas
        
        Are different categories of learning.
        
        Those are used to understand the world around us.
        
        Schemers are the building blocks of knowledge.
    - - Thinking
      - Memory
      - Knowing
      - Probem-solving
    - - Is carried out through two simultaneous and integrated movements, but in the opposite direction.
        
        Accommodation
        
        The individual transforms his own structure to suit the nature of the objects to be learned.
        
        Assimilation
        
        The individual when exploring the environment in which he develops takes parts which he transforms and incorporates
    - - Is valuable and necessary for understanding how people learn.
    - - Require active participation in orden to learn.
    - - Information comes in
      - Is being processed
      - Leads to certain outcomes.
    - - Swiss psychogist.
      - A pioneer in the field of children's education.
      - Had a fondness for biology and philosophy, and then, for epistemology.
- - - - Is constructed based on personal experiences and hypotheses of environment.
    - - Is linked to prior knowledge, thus mental representations are subjective.
    - - Actively construct or create their own subjective representations of objective reality.
    - - Is an information constructor.
      - Brings past experiences and cultural factors to a situation.
    - - Is an active, constructive process.
    - - Russian psychologist
        
        Known for his sociocultural theory.
    - - :check:SCAFFOLDING
        
        Giving the learner the right amount of assistance at the right time.
      - :check:ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT (ZPD)
        
        Range of tasks that are too difficult for an individual to master alone, but can be mastered with the assistance or guidance of adults or more-skilled peers.