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CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION & SUPPORT - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION & SUPPORT
5.1 UNDERSTAND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (NURUL AINIZAH-05DDT18F1988)
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
MODELING
A systems analyst can describe and simplify an information system by using a set of business, data, object, network, and process models.
Modelling produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that systems developers can analyze, test, and modify.
PROTOTYPING
A prototype is an early working version of an Information system.
Prototyping tests system concepts and provides an opportunity to examine input, output, and user interfaces before final decisions are made.
CASE TOOLS
Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE), also called computer-aided software engineering, is a technique that uses powerful software, called CASE tools, to help systems analysts develop and maintain information systems.
CASE tools provide an overall framework for systems development and support a wide variety of design methodologies, including structured analysis and object-oriented analysis.
CODING PROCESS
Coding is the process of turning program logic into specific instructions that the computer system can execute.
Working from a specific design, a programmer uses a programming language to transform program logic into code statements.
5.2 UNDERSTAND TESTING IN A PROJECT (Nur Emiliana Binti Razduan , 05DDT18F1990)
Testing
After coding, a programmer must test each
program to make sure it functions correctly
Different types of software testing
Unit testing
Integration testing
System testing
Testing Methods.
White box testing
Black box testing
Grey box testing
software testing
Software Testing is a process that is used to identify the correctness, completeness,
security and quality of an application.
integration Testing
Testing two or more programs that depend on each
other is called integration testing, or link testing.
The output from the validation program becomes
input to the master file update program.
5.3 EXPLAIN SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION (NURUL AINIZAH-05DDT18F1988)
Main Steps in System Implementation
Managing systems implementation involves:
Application Development
Testing
Documentation
Training
Data Conversion
System Changeover
Post Implementation Evaluation of the results.
System installation and evaluation
remaining steps in system implementation are now are carried out :
Prepare a separate operational and test environment
The environment for the actual system operation is called the operational environment or production environment.
The environment that analysts and programmers use to develop and maintain programs is called the test environment.
Provide training for users, managers, and IT staff
Training Plan - it is essential to provide the right training for the right people at the right time, specific training topics, identify the objectives, and determine how the company will provide training.
Vendor Training - Many hardware and software vendors offer training programs free or at a nominal cost for the products they sell. The training usually is conducted at the vendor’s site by experienced trainers who provide valuable hands-on experience.
In-house Training - The IT staff and user departments often share responsibility for developing and conducting training programs for internally developed software.
Perform data conversion and system changeover
System changeover is the process of putting the new information system online and retiring the old system.
Changeover can be rapid or slow, depending on the method. The four changeover methods are :
Direct Cutover - old system stops and the new system starts simultaneously (least expensive, but the riskiest)
Parallel Operation - users operate both the old and new information systems for some period of time; (most expensive and least risky)
Pilot Operation - a specified group within the organisation uses the new system for a period of time, while the old system continues to operate for the rest of the users.
Phased Operation - implement the system in the entire organisation, but only one module at a time, until the entire system is operational
Carry out a post-implementation evaluation of the system
A post-implementation evaluation assesses the overall quality of the information system.
The evaluation verifies that the new system meets specified requirements, complies with user objectives, and produces the anticipated benefits.
Present a final report to management
The final report to management marks the end of systems development work. Your report should include the following:
Final versions of all system documentation
Planned modifications and enhancements to the system that have been identified
Recap of all systems development costs and schedules
5.4 UNDERSTAND SYSTEM SUPPORT & SECURITY MOHD ZULFADHLI TAUFIQ(05DDT18F2050)
Systems support and security is the final phase in the systems development life cyle
✓ The systems support and security phase begins when a system becomes operational and continues until the system reaches the end of its useful life.
User Training
✓ New employees must be trained on the company’s information systems.
•
Help Desks•
To make data more accessible and to empower users, many ITdepartments create help desks.
System support and security
The systems suppory and security phase is an important compenent of TCO beccause ongoing maintananace expense can be determine the economic life of system
Maintenance chec
k
Maintenace expense vary significanty during the system opearational life include spending to suppory maintanace activities
Types of maintenance tasks
Corrective maintenance
diagnoses and corrects errors in an
operational system
Perfective maintenance
Preventive maintenance
Adaptive maintenanc
e