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CHAPTER 4: LISTENING IN I.C - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 4: LISTENING IN I.C
Why listening skills important
Profesional Benefits
Crucial in wide range of profession
Relationship Benefits
Crucial to relationship success
Purposes of listening
To learn, relate, influence, play and to help
THE LISTENING PROCESS
Listening - an attractive process of receiving aural stimuli consisting of five stages:
receiving, understanding, remembering, evaluating,
and
responding to verbal (spoken and written) and/or nonverbal messages
process is a circular one.
the responses of one person serve as the stimuli for the other person
RECEIVING (Hearing and attending) - Attention and Concentration
begins with hearing (vicinity of vibrations) - passive process (mindless), while listening is mindful
in receiving, try to:
focus on the speaker's verbal and nonverbal messages
avoid distractions in the environment
focus on the speaker rather than on what you'll sway next
maintain your role as listener - avoid interrupting
Popular disclaimers:
Hedging
Credentialing
Sin licences
Cognitive disclaimers
Appeals for the suspensions of judgement
UNDERSTANDING (Learning and Decipherring Meaning)
you learn what the speaker means - the thoughts and emotional tone.
In understanding, try to:
avoid assuming you understand;
see the speaker's messages from the speaker's point of view;
ask questions for clarification
rephrase (paraphrase) the speaker's ideas in your own words.
REMEMBERING (Recalling and retaining) Memory
note taking is inappropriate.
memory for speech is reconstructive - into a system that makes sense to you
Pass from short- term (limited capacity) to long-term memory (unlimited)
the messages often get distorted. in remembering. try to:
focus: identify the central ideas and the major support advanced.
Organize: Summarize the message in a more easily retained form, not to ignore crucial details or qualifications.
Unite: the new with the old information - relate both information
Repeat: repeat names and key concepts to yourself or, if appropriate, aloud
RESPONDING (Answering and Giving Feedback)
In responding, try to:
Focus on the other person - Avoid multitasking. Look at the speaker to encourage the person to express and to clarify the feelings and to provide a supportive atmosphere
Resist "responding to another's feeling" with "solving the person's problems
- unless you're asked for advice
Avoid being a thought-completing listener
- listens a tittle then finishes the speaker's thought - this shown noting important with the speaker's thought
EVALUATING (Judging and criticizing)
a process whereby a value is placed on some person, object, or event
evaluate the speaker's underlying intentions or motives
goes on without much conscious awareness
in evaluating, try to:
resist evaluation until you fully understand the speaker's point of view
assume that the speaker is a person of goodwill, distinguish facts from inferences, opinions, and personal interpretations by the speaker.
identify any biases, self- interests, or prejudices that may lead the speaker to slant unfairly what is presented.
EVALUATING
(Popular Fallacies)
Name-calling
Testimonial
Bandwagon
EFFECTIVE LISTENING
Emphatic and objective listening
Nonjudgemental and critical listening
Surface and depth listening
Active and inactive listening
Functions of active listening
Check your understanding of what the speaker said and meant
-to ensure
opportunity to offer clarification
-correcting
any misunderstanding
Expressing acknowledgement and acceptance to the speaker
-especially helpful when
correcting misinterpretation
Stimulates the speaker to explore feelings and thoughts
-encouragement of elaborating feelings
Techiques of Active Listening
Paraphrase the speaker's meaning
-to ensure
understanding
-communicates
interest
and
attention
paraphrases
objective
Express understanding of the speaker's feelings
-especially helpful when
dealing with emotions
- angry, hurt etc.
Ask questions
-enhance
understanding
of speaker's
thought and feeling
-providing enough
simulation and support
to
speaker
-must
not focus on irrelevant areas
- challenging the speaker