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Epistemological Foundations of Quantitative Research, image, image, image…
Epistemological Foundations of Quantitative
Research
Epistemology
Greek word "epistêmê"
Philosophy of knowledge.
"To define knowledge."
How knowledge is constructed.
Quantitative Research Epistemologies
Positivism
Objective
Realistic
Reality can be empirically determined.
Research without the biases of researchers.
Every phenomenon has a cause and a consequence.
Post-positivism
Research can be certain.
Researchers should approximate reality.
Best as they can.
Human knowledge
Can be influenced by their values.
Based upon human conjectures.
Finding excellent ways to represent that reality.
Experiential Realism
It is not possible to see everything objectively
Perceptions influence what we observe.
Purely subjectivity
Observation
Involves a passive interaction.
Science
activity based on
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Observe the world through our bodies.
Pragmatism,
Quantitative and qualitative
mixed methods approach.
Best way to see the world.
Meaning and truth of any idea
Is a function of its practical outcomes.
Depending on
what needs to be discovered.
That determines the questions to use.
Epistemologies underlying theory and practice
Philosophies and worldviews of researchers
Fundamentals that mark the difference between
Quantitative research.
Realist worldview
Qualitative research
Subjectivist
General worldviews
Positivism
Philosophical theory
Knowledge based on
Natural phenomena.
Information
Derived from sensory experience
Forms the exclusive source of all certain knowledge.
Interpreted through reason and logic
Their properties and relations.
Subjectivism
Doctrine
Mental activity
Is an unquestionable fact of our experience.
Quantitative Research
A systematic investigation
Gathers quantifiable data.
High reliability.
Finding optimum solutions to a defined problem.
Results based on big samples.
Paradigms in Social Research
Post-positivism
Critical realism
Reality is independent of our thinking.
Observation is fallible or imperfect.
Applying triangulation is more feasible.
The goal of science is to get information.
Everything under observation
Has a prior understanding of other theories and concepts.
Interpretivism
Interprets components of the study.
Incorporates human interest.
Focuses on meaning
Group different approaches
Revealing different characteristics of the issue.
Criticalism
Wants to change limiting social conditions.
Not just predict or explain reality.
With
Deep assessment
Evaluation
of society and culture
Postmodernism
Science
Cannot be regarded as objective.
Science change with its culture.
Reality is not the same for everybody.
Is not universal
