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Development and historical significance of Radar - Coggle Diagram
Development and historical significance of Radar
Early pioneers
Heinrich
Hertz
1886–1888
Proved the existence of electromagnetic waves (radio waves)
Proved the predictions of Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (in equations developed in 1862–4)
He found that these waves transmitted through some materials + would reflect off metal surfaces, conductors, and dielectrics [electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field]
The properties of these waves were proved by Hertz (and other physicits) to be similar to visible light - they could be reflected, refracted, and polarized.
Guglielmo Marconi
1899
Discovered that Radio waves reflected to the transmitter by objects in radio beacon experiments.
1916
Along with Charles Samuel Franklin (British engineer), he used short-waves in their experiments, a crucial stepping stone to the practical development of radar
1922
He delivered his ideas to the Institution of Electrical Engineers in London. Suggested the use of radio waves to detect ships during foggy weather.
Christian Hülsmeyer
1904
Gave public demonstrations (through a device) in Germany/Netherlands of the use of radio echoes to detect ships so that collisions could be avoided
Due to lack of interest by the Navy, it wasn't put in production.
Christian Hülsmeyer created a device to detect the presence of ships.
t was referred as the first radar system
However it couldn't measure the range of the object, so it did not fit the definition.
Development of Radar - Robert Watson Watt
1915-1935
Studied atmospheric phenomena and developed the use of radio signals generated by lightning strikes to map out the position of thunderstorms
1923
Oscilloscopes used in order to display the signals to pinpoint the direction of these fleeting signals using rotatable directional antennas
1934
threat of invasion by air and sea drove a major effort in applying science and technology to defence
the Air Ministry established the Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defence (CSSAD)
It's purpose was to determine "how far recent advances in scientific and technical knowledge can be used to strengthen the present methods of defence against hostile aircraft"
By September 1938 the first British radar system, the Chain Home, had gone into 24-hour operation, and it remained operational throughout the war.
Britain commenced radar research for aircraft detection in 1935. The British government encouraged engineers to proceed rapidly because it was quite concerned about the growing possibility of war.
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During the 1930s, US, UK, Germany, France, the Soviet Union, Italy, the Netherlands, and Japan all began experimenting with radar within about two years
Radars today are used to detect and track aircraft, spacecraft, and ships at sea as well as insects and birds in the atmosphere; measure the speed of automobiles; map the surface of the earth from space; and measure properties of the atmosphere and oceans.