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Transport: How do some cities manage traffic congestion? - Coggle Diagram
Transport: How do some cities manage traffic congestion?
Other measures
Bus lane schemes:
specially set aside for private and public buses on
specific days
and
time
. Buses are able to
enter and exit
bus stops
quickly and smoothly
.
Provide
faster and uninterrupted
journeys for commuters. Improve bus
speed and reliability
.
Benefits:
allows buses to
move quickly
and
not get held up
during traffic congestion/ buses will
arrive on schedule more often
, even during peak hours. Makes
travelling by bus more appealing
.
Challenges:
success depends on compliance
on drivers/ allocating lane for buses
takes road capacity
, may
lead to traffic congestion
for private car users.
Expansion of rail networks:
increasing number of location that trains can reach. 1)
more tracks
laid to cover large area, 2)
more stations
so more locations have access to trains.
Example:
Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) serves people in cities of Dallas and Fort Worth in Texas, USA. It is the largest light rail system in the country and is still expanding.
Benefits:
high capacities & transport more people each time/ more destinations by train, some which were once accessible only by car or bus.
Challenges:
building expenses are costly/ proposed rail lines may cut through housing estates and buildings; affected people and businesses may have to bear or lose property for construction; causes inconvenience.
Make public transport a choice mode:
improve public transport system by making it convenient and accessible.
People be encouraged to make public transport a choice mode.
Transportation system improvement-
integrated public transport system, adopting bus lane schemes/ expand train networks/ increasing capacity and frequency of buses and trains.
Integrated public transport system:
connects various modes of transportation such that it functions as a whole (first important step in encouraging people to use public transport).
Example:
Tokyo, Japan- all public transport modes (train, tram & bus systems), can be paid for using a rechargeable contactless smart card. Commuting is made smooth and convenient; public transport modes are timed to precision, to allow commuters to plan their travel routes more efficiently.
Benefits:
more
convenient
,
accessible
&
efficient
.
Different modes
of transport to
get to destination quickly
.
Challenges:
requires
extensive planning
&
costly
to build, may
not be feasible for all
countries.
Increasing capacity and frequency of buses and rail network:
upgraded to
carry more people
and
arrive more frequently
; put
systems
so that bus and train
arrive at scheduled time
.
Example:
Curitiba, Brazil- dedicated bus lanes for articulated buses; buses are divided into three sections. Sensors on board so that traffic lights stay green when bus approaching it.
Challenges:
increasing frequency and capacity of buses and trains can be quite costly.
Benefits:
more people
transported within
shorter
amount of
time
.
Managing road usage:
reduce no. of cars on the road.
Methods:
implementing road pricing, increase parking fees and enhance traffic monitoring.
Road pricing:
charges drivers when they use certain roads. The number and location of gantries have to be determined.
Road prices
are
adjusted
from time to time:
peak hours
-
more expensive
CBD tends to be most congested, ERP rates for driving into CBD is the highest
Challenges:
traffic diverted elsewhere because drivers avoid ERP.
Benefits:
higher
costs
discourage driving during peak hours
; encourage
alternate modes
of transport.