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PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION, PLATO, MONTESSORI, KANT, MONTESSORI,…
PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION
Basic concepts and curricular theory
The pedagogy studies education as a complex and multi-referential phenomenon
Gathers knowledge from other sciences and disciplines
Education enables human beings to develop their full potential
Plato
Wondered about characteristics that just society should possess which in turn
Led him to the description of his utopia.
It's objective was to clarify the nature of justice
its objective was to clarify the nature of justice
He imagined a society in which there were guardians who governed it, and the main ones were the philosophers-rulers.
The center of Plato's philosophy is his theory of forms or ideas.
Plato regards education as a means to achieve justice, both individual justice and social justice.
The individual justice can be obtained when each individual develops his or her ability to the fullest.
In this sense, justice means excellence. For the Greeks and Plato, excellence is virtue.
Kant
He believed that pedagogy seeks to transform the spontaneous process of education into systematic knowledge.
He talks about Education Science which, in his opinion, is physical education or practical education.
Kant says that the most important part of education is ethical education
Kant believed that there was a supreme principle of morality, and he referred to it as The Categorical Imperative.
Considering the radical nature of Kant's ideas, it is surprising how little attention has been paid to them.
Montessori
His passion for education began when he studied children with mental disorders and decided to dedicate his life to helping them progress.
In 1907, she founded the first Children's Home, in San Lorenzo, Rome, where there was a house where they practiced hygiene and manners.
They concentrated and repeated the exercises until they succeeded.
She’s consider that "the child, guided by an inner master, works tirelessly with joy to build man".
The children of 4 and 5 years old learned to read and write as a natural process.
San Lorenzo stopped being a child control center and became a place where the child developed with dignity, freedom and independence.
Aristotle
He offers one of the most complete and profound philosophical systems of ancient thought.
His reflection dealt with all the main areas of philosophy
He studied with Plato for 20 years at the Academy and eventually joined him and Socrates in Western education history.
Form ethical character, and provide a skill and knowledge base.
He thought the purpose of schooling was to develop dispositions and habits that exercise reason and forming a human's ethos.
He made pioneering contributions to all fields of philosophy and science, he invented the field of formal logic.
He identified the various scientific disciplines and explored their relationships to each other.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau is known as the "liberator of the child and the father of modern progressive education".
In Émile, Rousseau develops naturalistic education from birth to adulthood.
The process of education in the child must start from the understanding of the child's nature, knowing his interests and particularities
Because the child has a perception of the natural world around him.
Consequently, it is a mistake to make him know the world at this stage from explanations or books.
Interaction with the physical world through play is one of the ways in which the child begins to learn.
Through these practices, the child will be able to develop a sense of discernment.
