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Demographic Transition Model - Coggle Diagram
Demographic Transition Model
Stage 1
Birth rates high and fluctuating
No birth control or family planning
High infant mortality rate, parents produce more in hopes some will live
Children needed for labor- subsidence farming
Children regarded as sign of virility, religious beliefs
Death rates high and fluctuating
Disease and plague
Famine, uncertain food supplies, poor diet
Poor hygiene, no piped clean water, no sewage disposal
Little medical science
Stage 2
High birth rate
Same reasons as stage 1
Cultural lag
Changes in medical science do not immediately cause people to have less children, only over time do people realize
Rapidly declining Death Rate
Improved Medical care - vaccinations, hospitals, doctors, new drugs, scientific inventions
Improved sanitation and water supply
Improvements in food production, quality and quantity
Improved transport to move food, doctors, etc.
Decrease in child mortality
Stage 3
Birth rates fall rapidly
Family planning - contraceptives, sterilization, abortion, population policy
Lower infant mortality rate
Increased industialisation and mechanisation - fewer labourers needed
Child labor often outlawed
Emancipation of women, following careers rather than children
Death rates continue to fall slowly
Stage 4
Stage 5
birth rate falls slightly due to factors like aging population and those addressed in stage 3
Negative natural increase
Birth rates and death rates remain low