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Cardiovascular System, Kezia Maia Jacobsen 22199 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System
The Heart
Pericardium = surrounding fibrous sac
Atria = upper receiving chambers (singular: atrium)
Located between lungs
Pumps blood through two circuits
Systemic = left side; oxygenated blood to body
Pulmonary = right side to lungs; to be oxygenated
Chambers separated by septa (walls)
Layers of the heart:
Epicardium = outside thin lining; covers heart
Myocardium = thick muscular layer that makes up heart wall
Endocardium = inside lining; lines chambers and valves
Ventricles = Lower pumping chambers (singular: ventricle)
Pulmonary circuit (right side to lungs)
Systemic circuit (left side to rest of body)
Blood Flow Through the Heart
Oxygenated blood returns to left atrium.
4.Enters left ventricle and is pumped to rest of body.
Enters right ventricle and is pumped to lungs
One-way valves force blood flow forward.
Right atrium receives blood from body.
Heart sounds produced when valves close.
The Heartbeat
Diastole = relaxation
Heartbeat starts with both atria contracting
Systole = contraction
Heart rate = number of times heart contracts per minute
Pulse = wave of increased pressure as ventricles contract
Ventricles contract; contractions are stimulated by electrical impulse
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
AV bundle
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
Blood Pressure
Influenced by cardiac output, vessel diameters, total blood volume
Measured by sphygmomanometer
Force of blood exerted against wall of blood vessel
Measured as both systolic and diastolic pressures
The Vascular System
Venules and veins
Carry blood back to heart
Capillaries
Smallest vessels
Site of exchange between blood and tissues
Arteries and arterioles
Carry blood away from heart
Circulatory System Disorders
Risk factors:
High blood pressure
Poor diet
Smoking
Inactivity
High levels of lipoproteins (especially LDLs)
Stress
Family history
Atherosclerosis
Accumulation of fatty deposits within artery
Kezia Maia Jacobsen 22199