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REP and Human Security - Coggle Diagram
REP and Human Security
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Human security
Paradigm for understanding global vulnerabilities that evolved from broadening and deepening debates of the 1980s
Concept emerged from development studies and practical concerns with improving the security situation of individuals
Challenges the traditional notion of national security: the referent object for security should be the individual not the state
Cornerstone (‘milestone publication’): 1994 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report (HDR)
“In the final analysis, human security is a child who did not die, a disease that did not spread, a job that was not cut, an ethnic tension that did not explode into violence, a dissident who was not silenced. Human security is not a concern with weapons – it is a concern with human life and dignity”
(UNDP 1994: 22).
UNDP and human security
“...to protect the vital core of all human lives in ways that enhance human freedoms and human fulfillment. Human security means protecting fundamental freedoms – freedoms that are the essence of life. It means protecting people from critical (severe) and pervasive (widespread) threats and situations.
It means using processes that build on people’s strengths and aspirations. It means creating political, social, environmental, economic, military and cultural systems that together give people the building blocks of survival, livelihood and dignity.” (UN Human Security Commission 2003: 4)
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Measuring Human Security
How do we know who should be secured?
‘saving strangers’ requires the identification of who is vulnerable and to what;
it requires ‘measuring’ individual experiences of insecurity across multiple social and institutional contexts.
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Lybia and the R2P
UN Security Council Resolution 1970 made explicit reference to the R2P and deplored what it called “the gross and systematic violation of human rights” taking place and demanded an end to the violence “recalling the Libyan authorities’ responsibility to protect its population”.
UN Security Council Resolution 1973, authorised the international community to take ‘all necessary measures’ in protecting civilians under threat of attack from the regime of Colonel Gaddafi.
Led to a NATO-backed intervention supported by the African Union, Gulf Cooperation Council, Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Councils.
But instead of just protecting civilians, NATO actively supported the Libyan opposition and stood accused of pursuing regime change.
Critics accuse NATO of fundamentally tarnishing Pillar III and making future interventions (e.g. Syria) almost impossible
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