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TQM TOOLS, Nur Asyiqin Binti Abdul Gani (70887) - Coggle Diagram
TQM TOOLS
PDCA
Do – Following the planning stage, the business will then proceed with the changes that have been planned in order to address the issue identified in the root cause analysis. This may be as simple as purchasing a new piece of equipment for a production line, or complex such as changing the way in which vendors are evaluated.
Check – After the business has followed the plan and made changes to address the issue or problem, the check phase should be used to validate that the changes made have had the required results. If the check phase does not validate that the issue has been resolved, then the business will need to start the PDCA cycle again at the planning stage and develop a new plan to achieve the necessary results.
Plan – The planning stage usually begins after a company has been through a root cause analysis and identified an issue or problem that needs to be addressed. The business will then plan how the improvements need to be achieved.
Act – The final phase of the PDCA cycle requires that once the issue has been resolved, the business should incorporate the changes into their standard operating procedures and if necessary, roll out the changes to other parts of the business.
Histogram
A Histogram is a graphic summary of variation in a set of data. It enables us to see patterns that are difficult to see in a simple table of numbers. Can be analysed to draw conclusions about the data set.
Pie Chart
Pie charts show how much each category represents as a proportion of the whole, by using a circular format with different-sized “slices” for different percentages of the whole.
Pareto Chart
A Pareto Chart is a graph that indicates the frequency of defects, as well as their cumulative impact. Pareto Charts are useful to find the defects to prioritize in order to observe the greatest overall improvement.
Benchmarking
Benchmarking is the process of comparing the cost, cycle time, productivity, or quality of a specific process or method to another that is widely considered to be an industry standard or best practice.
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Bar Graph
Bar graphs use a series of rectangular bars to show absolute values or proportions for each of the categories
Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a group creativity technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its members.
Focus group
A focus group is a group interview involving a small number of demographically similar people. Their reactions to specific researcher-posed questions are studied. Focus groups are used in market research and studies of people's political views.
Flow Chart
Pictures, symbols or text coupled with lines, arrows on lines show direction of flow. Enables modelling of processes; problems/opportunities and decision points etc. Develops a common understanding of a process by those involved. No particular standardisation of symbology, so communication to a different audience may require considerable time and explanation.
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