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Nationalism in India - Coggle Diagram
Nationalism in India
Idea of Satyagraha
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It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor
Without seeking vengeance or
being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through nonviolence.
By this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately triumph. Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-violence could unite all Indians
could unite all Indians.
In 1916 he travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
1917, he organized a satyagraha
to support the peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat
Affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic, the peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue, and were demanding that revenue collection be relaxed
1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organize a satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers.
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FIRST
WORLD
WAR
It led to a huge increase in defense expenditure expenditure by war loans and increasing taxes: customs duties was raised and income tax was increased
Villages were called upon to supply soldiers and the forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger.
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Then in 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of India resulting in acute shortages of food
According to the census of 1921, 12 to 13 million people perished as a result of famines and the epidemic.
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In India, as in Vietnam and many other colonies, the growth of modern nationalism is
intimately connected to the anti-colonial movement.
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The congress under Mahatma Gandhi to forge these groups together within one movement. But the unity did not emerge without conflict
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Rowlatt Act
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This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members
Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April
Movement in Towns
The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaming some power-something that usually only Brahmans had access to.
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Non cooperation
He declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year, and swaraj would come
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Through the summer of 1920 Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali toured extensively, mobilizing popular support for the movement
They were reluctant to boycott the council elections scheduled for November 1920, and they feared that the movement might lead to popular violence
At the congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out and the Non-cooperation programme was adopted