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Concepts and Tools for Strategic Pricing, price change, understanding of…

- - - - buyers: compare; check; name; free;
        
        sellers: monitor; tailor; special
    - - Sharing economy
  - - - understanding of consumer pricing psychology
        
        reference prices
        
        price quality inferences
        
        price endings
      - systematic approach to setting, adapting and changing price
- - - - survival ;maximize current profits; maximize market share[Penetration strategy];
        market skimming[Skimming strategy]; product-quality leadership.
      - partial cost recovery; full cost recovery; and so on
  - - - Survey;Experiment;Statistics
  - - - fixed costs；variable costs; total costs; average cost
    - - Optimal size and production level; Economies of scale;Lower average cost
    - - The Experience Curve
  - - - Floor price
        
        Orienting point
        
        Ceiling price
        
        High price
  - - - Markup pricing (problems, why popular); Target-return pricing;Demand pricing; Perceived-value pricing; value pricing; EDLP; going-rate pricing; auction-type pricing
  - - - Influence of other marketing mix variables;
        Company pricing policies;
        Gain-and-risk-sharing pricing;
        Impact of price on other parties
        —Distributors and dealers‒ Sales force‒ Competitors‒ Suppliers‒ Government
- - - - barter 2. compensation deal 3. buyback agreement 4. offset
  - - - volume purchases; off-season buying; early payment
    - - Cash discounts; Quantity discounts; Functional discounts; Seasonal allowances; Promotion allowances; Trade-in allowances
- - - - High price