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FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION STAGES IN CHILDREN, bebé-llorando, 1366_2000,…
FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION STAGES IN CHILDREN
Pre-language states
Hypothesis
Children are beginning to learn the suprasegmental sounds of their mother tongue
Rhythm
Stress
The musical pitch
The cooing stage
Two months old
Is an effect of the interaction between the child and its caretaker.
First attempts at communication.
Six months old
The child begins to develop his articulatory skills.
Early babbling is unrelated to the particular language babies are exposed to.
The cooing is succeeded by babbling.
To say series of consonant-vowel syllable sets.
Canonical babbling
Marginal babbling
Crying
Is a preparation for vocal communication.
While crying infants learn how to use their lungs to inhale and exhale air.
The first and most primitive pre-language stage.
The telegraphic stage (the development of morphology and syntax)
In this stage children start producing more complex and longer grammatical structures
Examples
Andrew want ball
Cat drink meal
This shoe all wet
Features
Children employ adult word order patterns
Where the word order is random childrem use different word order models
Language development
Rapid process
Just a few months
From 2 and 3 word utterances to a vast range of sentences
In this stage appear
The phrase structure rules
Composition of syntactic rules
The one-word stage (holophrastic stage)
Fist one-word utterances
Single terms for everything they see
Piaget (1959)
"Egocentric speech"
:boy::skin-tone-2:Age
12-18- months old
Thomas Scovel (1998)
Children first learn words for everyday objects
Holophrases
One word represent a whole sentence
Examples
:family:Parents
Mommy, dad
:cookie:Foods
Milk, cookie, chicken, banana
:cat2:Animals
Dog, cat, bird.
:bed:Objects
Bed, table, chair, floor
The two-word stage
this age
The child at this age knows already beyond 50 distinct vocabulary
items and
uses them to create its first two-word sentences.
Eve lunch instead of Eve is having her lunch.
Mommy sandwich instead of Mommy will have a sandwich.
Baby chair instead of Baby is in the high chair.
Sat wall instead of He sat on the wall.
examples of two-words utterances by children
appears
in the speeches of children at the age of about eighteen to
twenty-four months
The first two-word uterrances indicate the advent of grammar –
the mental system that allows people to speak and understand language
The two word ‘mini sentences’ appear a few months
after the emergence of one-word utterances
which, similarly to holophrases, may
express more complex information
in addition to this
the adult interpretation of the child’s speech is
strictly tied to the context
We cannot ask a child to explain what it means by saying
baby chair but we can examine the non-linguistic context in order to find a good
semantic interpretation
there is a wide variety of word
combinations a child may create
However, it is difficult to say that children
possess syntactic categories, just because there is no conclusive evidence that they have
not acquired them.
The employment of an appropriate word order suggests child’s sensitivity
towards this feature of sentence structure
Later Development
Language explosion
Age
2-3 years
Produces from 200 to 400 distinct
words
It will be capable of understanding five times as many
Multiple-word utterances
Ceases to be the number of words
Variation in word-forms
Children start using the words they know to
create various word sequences
Including
The use of auxiliary
verbs
The child's pronunciation is close to the form of
adult language
Inflectional morphemes and non-lexical categories
Determiners and auxiliary verbs
Modals
The telegraphic stage
Children acquire the grammar that triggers adult language competence.
The development of phrase structure
Two-word
1.5-2 years
Presence of syntactic categories
unclear
Early work combinations
Telegraphic
2-2.5 years
Emergence of phrase structure
Head-complement
and subject-VP patterns
Holophrastic
1-1.5 years
Age
Single word utterances
no structure
Later
2.5 years up
Emergence of non- lexical categories
Including
those used as specifiers
:
Alarcón Aliaga, Angela
Bellota Gomez, Dharma
Mendoza Mendoza, Diego
Pardo Solis, Rolly
Quispe Guzmán, Eduardo
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