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Bacterial Diseases in Nervous system, 10941001A - Coggle Diagram
Bacterial Diseases in Nervous system
isu10812060A
Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis
流行性感冒嗜血桿菌
Occurs mostly in children (6 months to 4 years
Gram-negative aerobic
throat microbiota
Capsule antigen type b
Prevented by Hib vaccine
對乾燥，極端溫 度及消毒劑敏感
對於血液中確定的因 子(X & V)有一挑剔的需求去完成 代謝合成
Listeriosis 10941022A
Caused by
Listeria
monocytogenes
cause severe illness
sepsis
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meningitis
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encephalitis
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sometimes resulting in lifelong harm and even death
at risk of severe illness
elderly
fetuses
newborns
those who are immunocompromised
pregnant women
stillbirth
spontaneous abortion
preterm birth
Gram-positive aerobic rod
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primarily transmitted via
the oral route
ingestion of contaminated food products
which the bacteria penetrates the intestinal tract to cause systemic infections
Which foods are most easily contaminated
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冰淇淋中為何有李斯特菌
李斯特菌有一个重要的特性——不怕冷。李斯特菌在低至零度的冷藏温度下仍可缓慢地生長，一般的冷凍也不足以將它们殺死，所以，冰淇淋中也可能有李斯特菌的存在
The diagnosis of listeriosis
the isolation of the causative bacteria from the blood and/or the cerebrospinal fluid
Treatment
prolonged administration of antibiotics
ampicillin
gentamicin
Neisseria Meningitis
10941008a
=meningococcal meningitis
流行性腦脊髓膜炎
Caused by
N. meningitidis 腦膜炎奈瑟氏菌
Gram-negative
with a capsule
aerobic cocc
Begins as
throat infection, rash
Vaccination
A, C, Y, W-135 capsule
Serotypes
Serotypes B, C, Y, W-135 in U.S.
Serotype B in Europe
Serotype A in Africa, China, and Middle East
recommended for college students
10% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Meningitis
10941008a
=pneumococcal meningitis
caused by
S. pneumoniae 肺炎鏈球菌
a gram-positive
diplococcus
70% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers
Most common
in children (1 month to 4 years)
Mortality
30% in children
80% in elderly
Prevented by
Vaccination
13價結合型肺炎鏈球菌疫苗
(pneumococcal conjugate vaccine )(PCV13)
Leprosy 痲瘋
(Hansen’s disease 漢生病)
類型
Lepromatous (progressive) form 痲瘋瘤型
Disfiguring nodules over body
negative lepromin test
Tuberculoid (neural) form 類結核型
Loss of sensation in skin areas
positive lepromin test
腫瘤型（L）
邊緣腫（B）
結核型（T）
Lepromatous Leprosy（LL 型）
腫瘤型
患者的免疫抵抗力較低
Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy（BL 型）
邊緣腫瘤型
Borderline Leprosy（BB 型）
邊緣型
Borderline Tuberculoid Leprosy（BT 型）
邊緣類結核型
Tuberculoid Leprosy（TT 型）
類結核型
患者有較高
免疫抵抗力
病原體
Mycobacterium leprae
痲瘋桿菌
Acid-fast rods 抗酸桿菌
Gram +
aerobic
絕對細胞內寄生
侵入哪裡
周圍末梢神經
皮膚知覺麻木，不會自我保護
skin
發炎發紅、變色、變形。
傳播方式
prolonged contact with an infected person
與感染者長期接觸
主要傳染者---人
經由鼻腔、上呼吸道黏膜接觸到含有麻風桿菌的鼻腔分泌物。
如何預防
接種
卡介苗
，降低得病機率
Clostridium botulinum
(肉毒桿菌)
10941056A
疾病
Botulism(肉毒桿菌中毒)
特性
Gram-positive
endospore-forming
obligate anaerobe
毒素
種類
Intoxication(內毒素)
作用機制
blocks release of neurotransmitter,
causing flaccid paralysis(麻痺) (無法收縮)
預防
proper canning
Nitrites(亞酸酸鹽) prevent endospore germination(發芽)
治療
antitoxin(抗毒素)
supportive care
種類
C. botulinum
疾病
Infant botulism (嬰兒肉毒桿菌症)
生長地方
intestines
C. botulinum
疾病
Wound(傷口) botulism
生長地方
wounds
Tetanus (10941055A)
Treatment
肌肉注射破傷風免疫球蛋白（TIG）
靜脈注射單一大劑量之破傷風抗毒素（TAT）
口服或靜脈注射 metronidazole (甲硝唑)
腸道外投予 penicillin
肌肉鬆弛劑（保持鎮靜）
Prevention methods
DTaP-IPV/Tdap-IPV
白喉破傷風非細胞性百日咳及不活化小兒麻痺混合疫苗
5歲至入國小前追加（不一定要）
Td
破傷風類毒素，或破傷風、減量白喉混合疫苗
基礎疫苗（上面2個）打完後每隔十年一劑
DTaP-Hib-IPV
白喉、破傷風、非細胞性百日咳、b型嗜血桿菌及不活化小兒麻痺
五合一
混合疫苗
出生滿2、4、6、18個月都要打
It
cannot
be spread directly from person to person.
Clinical symptoms
Tetanus spasm
： opisthotonos、canine spasm
Incubation period
approximately
3~21 days
.
Through
puncture wounds
contaminated by
soil
,
dust
, or animal and human
feces
Pathogen
Clostridium tetani
Reservoir
：
Intestines
of animals
Obligate anaerobe
Endospore-forming
Gram-positive
More information
破傷風疾病介紹
10941001A
