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Chapter 10, Chapter 12, Chapter 11, Key Themes, Key themes, Key themes -…
Chapter 10
Transcription
Nucleotides
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine
Uracil
Double helix
Polynucleotide
Sugar-phosphate backbone
DNA Replication
Semiconservative model
DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
Translation
Triplet code
Codons
Genetic code
Anticodon
Stop Codon
RNA polymerase
Promoter
Terminator
mRNA
Introns
Exons
RNA splicing
Transfer RNA
Ribosomes
rRNA
Mutations
Silent mutation
Missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
Frameshift mutation
Mutagens
Virus
Capsid
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Prophage
Emerging viruses
HIV
AIDS
Retrovirus
Reverse transcriptase
Prion
Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation
F factor
Plasmid
R plasmids
Chapter 12
Biotechnology
DNA technology
Recombinant DNA
Genetic engineering
Plasmids
DNA cloning
Vector
DNA ligase
Gene cloning
Restriction enzymes
Restriction site
Restriction fragments
Nucleic acid probe
Reverse transcriptase
cDNA
Vaccine
GMOs
Transgenic organism
Gene therapy
DNA profiling
Forensics
PCR
Primers
Gel electrophoresis
Repetitive DNA
STR
STR anaylsis
Genomic
Human Genome Project
Whole-genome shotgun
Bioinformatics
Proteomic
Chapter 11
Gene regulation
Gene expression
Operon
Lac operon
Repressor
Regulatory gene
Activators
Promoter
Operator
Differentiation
Nucleosome
Epigenetic inheritance
X chromosome inactivation
Barr body
Transcription Factors
Enhancers
Alternative RNA splicing
miRNAs
siRNAs
RNAi
Homeotic gene
Nucleic acid hybridization
DNA microarray
Signal transduction pathway
Totipotent
Regeneration
Clone
Nuclear trasplantation
Reproductive cloning
Therapeutic cloning
Embryonic stem cells
Adult stem cells
Cancer
Oncogene
Proto-oncogene
Tumor-suppressor genes
Carcinogens
Key Themes
Genomes hold clues to human evolution
The field of bioinformatics is expanding our understanding of genomes
Gene therapy may someday help treat a variety of diseases
The use of genetically modified organisms raises questions and concerns
DNA technology has changed the pharmaceutical industry and medicine
Recombinant cells and organisms can mass-produce gene products
Key themes
Experiments showed that DNA is the genetic material
DNA replication depends on specific base pairing
Genes control phenotypic traits through the expression of proteins
Genetic information written in codons is translated into amino acid sequences
Many viruses cause disease in animals and plants
Emerging viruses threaten human health
Key themes
Proteins interacting with DNA turn prokaryotic genes on or off in response to environmental changes
Chromosome structure and chemical modifications can affect gene expression
Complex assemblies of proteins control eukaryotic transcription
Cell-signaling systems appeared early in the evolution of life
Cancer results from mutations in genes that control cell division