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Biotechnology - Coggle Diagram
Biotechnology
Restriction enzymes
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Type of genetic engineering that involves removing a target gene from one organism and inserting it into the genome of a suitable host.
cut the sugar-phosphate backbone of both polynucleotide strands at specific location called restriction sites in the genome of the target organism.
If you use the same enzyme on a sample from various sources, you know the fragment will be always cut at the same sequence of nucleotides
Some restriction enzymes cut straight across the DNA molecule whereas others cut DNA in an offset way. Restriction enzymes that cut straight across the DNA create blunt ends with no exposed bases, while enzymes that produce an offset cut creates sticky ends with exposed bases.
The sticky ends are useful when preparing DNA to be inserted into plasmids or viruses as they will increase the likelihood that the cut DNA will complementary base pair to the other DNA that are also cut with the same restriction enzyme
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What is biotech
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Molecular Tools: - Restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, probes
Vectors- plasmids, viruses, yeasts
Methods- bacterial transformation, electroporation and microinjection
Vectors
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Viruses
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Step
- Insert gene of interst into virus. Recombinant virus then introduced to cells
- The virus attached to host cells (usually by binding to a receptor on the cell membrane). Virus enters the cell. Moves to the nucleus where the gene of interest integrates into the host genome
- if the gene is inserted in a suitable location, the host cell will express the gene of interest
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