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The Defiance Campaign, 1952 - Coggle Diagram
The Defiance Campaign, 1952
It involved volunteers refusing to follow the apartheid laws - sitting in 'Whites-only' facilities, refusing to carry passes, refusing to follow the curfew laws on Africans.
Launched jointly by the African National
Congress of South Africa and the South African Indian Congress.
In 1912 the South African Native National Congress was formed ( which became the ANC in 1923). After 1948, the leaders of the ANC, Oliver Tambo and Nelson Mandela moved towards a policy of non-violent protests, such as would be used in the United States by Martin Luther King.
The Defiance Campaign in 1952 was the first large-scale, multi-racial campaign against apartheid laws. It was organised by the ANC along with the South African Indian Congress and the Coloured People's Congress.
Their methods included, breaking the law and forcing ordinary people to witness the uproar, non-violent civil disobedience, filling prisons with people and activists, and making their movement intersectional
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It was an inspiration to the black people in the United States in launching the Civil Rights Movement under the leadership of MLK.
The membership of the ANC increased from
7,000 to 100,000 during the campaign and it became a truly national organization of the people.
Nelson Mandela, President of the ANC Youth League, was appointed Volunteer-in-Chief of the Campaign.
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The Campaign led to the foundation of the Defence and Aid Fund for South Africa by the late Reverend Canon John Collins in London and the American Committee on Africa by the Reverend
George Houser in New York.
More than 200 people were killed when over 10 000 people marched against Bantu Education in Soweto on 16 June 1976. The event would spark mass protests across the country and become known as a turning point in the fight against apartheid
The Defiance Campaigns, including bus boycotts in South Africa, served as an inspiration to Civil Rights Activists in the United States. Albert Luthuli was tried for treason, was assaulted and deposed of his chieftaincy of his Zulu clan. Mandela took over the ANC after Luthuli.
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In 1953, the UN established a Commission of the Radical Situation in the Union of South Africa.