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Cosmological argument - Coggle Diagram
Cosmological argument
Hume's criticisms
Analogies are stronger the more alike the two objects are. The watch and the universe are very different. The universe is more an organism than a machine/
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The use of a man-made object as an analogy will definitely lead to the conclusion that the universe is designed. We don't have knowledge of the universe being designed.
A perfect God is not implied by the universe. 'The world is very faulty and imperfect, and was only the first rude essay of some infant deity who abandoned it.'
The ideas of cause and effect are separate, not tied. It is therefore not certain that there cannot be an object with only one. This undermines PSR.
Compositional fallacy - It doesn't follow that the properties of the constituent parts apply to the whole.
'Whole' things are usually created by arbitrary acts of the mind. The idea of the universe may be created by our perception, not referring to reality.
'It is neither intuitively nor demonstratively certain' that every object that begins to exist owes its existence to a cause.
Like causes produce like effects. If two parents are needed for the creation of offspring then why doesn't the universe have two designers.
To base an argument off causation is foolish because causation may be a concept as a result of human perception.
All existential propositions are synthetic. They are verifiable by experience until which their truthfulness is unknown.
Aquinas' second way
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There must be a first cause, God.
Aquinas' third way
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If there was nothing once, then there would be nothing now.
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Aquinas' first way
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There must be an object/being which causes the initial movement in the universe but is itself unmoved, this is God.