• axial skeleton- torso
• appendicular skeleton- limbs

• protection- cranium supports soft tissue of brain
• shape- without, body would be flabby and shapeless
• blood cell production- red blood cells are made in the rib and limb bones
• calcium storage- bone is the largest supply of calcium
• support- the vertebrae support the head
• movement- bones and joints work with muscles to enable movement

• long eg. femur, metacarpals + metatarsals
• short eg. carpals + tarsals
• flat eg. cranium, ribs
• irregular eg. vertebrae, hip bones

• slightly moveable joints- spine
• fixed joints- skull, pelvis
• synovial joints- pivot, condyloid, saddle, hinge, ball and socket, gliding

• flexion + extension
• adduction + abduction
• circumduction (circular movement)

• tendons- very strong, non-elastic cords that joint muscle to bone
• bursae- a sac filled with liquid, floating inside the joint to reduce friction between tendon and bone
• cartilage- tough, flexible tissue that acts as a buffer between bones, preventing them from rubbing up against each other and causing friction
• synovial fluid- a clear and slippery liquid the lubricates the joint and stops the bones from rubbing together
• ligaments- bands of elastic fibre that attach bone to bone, keeping the joints stable by restricting movement

isotonic- muscles working and moving

• when the muscle shortens or lengthens to move whilst under tension
  this can be broken down into:
• concentric- shortening (flexion)
• eccentric- lengthening (extension)

isometric- muscles working and not moving

• this is when the muscle is under tension but is static and does not shorten or lengthen