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vcert pe body revision p2. - Coggle Diagram
vcert pe body revision p2.
the respiratory system
includes-
nose
mouth
larynx
pharynx
lungs
diaphragm
alveoli
lung volumes
tidal volume-
the volume of air you breathe in and out in each breath
increases as the depth of breathing increases/ the body takes more oxygen in
residual volume-
the amount of air left in your lungs after you have breathed out as hard as possible
this has no change during exercise
vital capacity-
the maximum amount of air you can breathe out after breathing in as much air as possible
taking part in regular aerobic activity has been shown to increase a person's vital capacity
key terms
diffusion- gas moving from a high concentration to a low concentration
gaseous exchange- the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood in the alveoli
features of the alveoli-
moist, very thin walls
provide large surface area for gaseous exchange
short diffusion distance
surrounded by capillaries
cardiovascular system
blood vessels
arteries-
thick muscular walls
carries blood away from the heart under high pressure
capillaries
smallest blood vessel with very thin walls - assists with gaseous exchange of the lungs
veins
thins walls, contain valves so blood flows in one direction
carries blood to the heart under low pressure
structure of the heart
cardiac cycle
deoxygenated blood- from the body
--> vena cava
--> right atrium
--> right ventricle
--> pulmonary artery
--> to the lungs
--> pick up oxygen and nutrients to become oxygenated
oxygenated blood- from the lungs
--> pulmonary vein
--> left atrium
--> left ventricle
--> aorta
--> to the body
--> drop off oxygen and nutrients, pick up waste products and become deoxygenated
diagram
vascular shunt system-
this is where blood redistributes to muscles with greater demand, while diverting away from areas with lower demand
vasodilation- the widening of the blood vessels
vasoconstriction- the narrowing of blood vessels
stroke volume- the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat
cardiac output- stroke volume x heart rate (CO = SV x HR
blood pressure- the amount of blood forced through a blood vessel in one contraction
heart rate- the number of times your heart beats in one minute
maximum heart rate = 220 - age
blood pressure-
systolic blood pressure- pressure in your arteries
diastolic blood pressure- pressure between beats
blood pressure range-
high blood pressure- 140/90
ideal range- 90/60 to 120/80
low blood pressure- 90/60
factors the affect blood pressure
diet
age
activity levels
stress
