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METALS - Coggle Diagram
METALS
Thermal Decomposition
effect of heat on the sodium compound: no change (white compound)effect of heat on the copper compound: compound (blue-green) readily breaks down ---> copper(II) oxide (black) & carbon dioxideCuCO3 (s) → CuO (s) + CO2 (g)
effect of heat on the sodium compound: no change (white compound)effect of heat on the copper compound: compound (pale blue) readily breaks down ---> copper(II) oxide (black) & waterCu(OH)2 (s) → CuO (s) + H2O (l)
effect of heat on the sodium compound: compound (white) partly decomposes to the nitrite & oxygen2NaNO3 (s) → 2NaNO2 (s) + O2 (g)effect of heat on the copper compound: compound (bright blue) readily breaks down ---> copper(II) oxide (black) & nitrogen dioxide (brown gas)2Cu(NO3)2 (s) → 2CuO (s) + 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g)
Atomic Structure
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metals: 1,2,3 valence electrons
- loose 1,2,3 electrons to obtain a complete valence shell (+1, +2, +3)
non-metals: 5,6,7 valence electrons
- accept 1,2,3 electrons to obtain a complete valence shell (-1, -2, -3)
Physical Properties
- strong (hard to cut)
- malleable (can be hammered into shape without breaking)
- ductile (can be drawn into wires)
- sonorous
- high density (feel 'heavy')
- good conductors of elec. & heat
- high melting & boiling points (solid at room temp. except for mercury)
- density = mass (g) / volume (cm3)
Metal Reactivity
- reaction of metals with water
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- only potassium, sodium & calcium produce hydroxides
- other metals produce insoluble oxides
- reaction of metals with hydrochloric acid
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when metals react with HCl, it displaces hydrogen through a redox reaction
Reactivity Series
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- more reactive metals have stronger drive to lose electrons to become stable
- metals react with compounds of less reactive metals
- more reactive metals have more stable compounds (do not break down easily)
- reactive metals are extracted using electrolysis
Chemical Properties
- they react with dilute acids, forming salts and giving off hydrogen gas
- they react with oxygen, forming oxides (bases); they neutralise acids to form salts & water
- they form positive ions when they react
