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BIOLOGICAL PROCESS - Coggle Diagram
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
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FOSSIL RECORD
Fossil are footprints from the past life of the planet. genially, these correspond to parts of the organism. And is evolutionary histories of animals and vegetables of the planet.
Fossils are created when organisms die, rock, and are slowly replaced by minerals over time. The fossil record helps inform how different groups of animals are related through evolution.
The fossil record shows that more than 3000 million years ago bacteria and algae and more recent fossil correspond to frozen bodies of mammoths.
FOSSIL EXAMPLES
The human fossil record is perhaps one of the best documented, due in part to the historical contention that has surrounded the debate of evolution.The oldest fossils of members of the Homo genus were found to be around 1.5 million years old. These belonged to Homo ergaster. It is believed spread from Africa and diverged into the species seen below.
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The fossil record of whales,has a set of several well-defined members that lead inevitably to modern whales. round 35 million years ago, an animal existed which was almost fully aquatic and had lost its hind limbs. 5 million years later, the fossils of what appear to be modern whales start to appear.
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The oldest known rocks that have been analyzed are around 3.8 billion years old. Tracing the minerals and hydrocarbons present in certain rocks has led to the conclusion that some form of single-celled life was present around 2.7 billion
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Types of fossilization
Mummification: Preserve the rests that were buried in dry environments, subject to high temperatures since dehydration prevents decomposition.
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Preservation of hard parts: It is characterized for preserving hard parts (bones), due to quick burial that isolates them from oxidation and decomposition.
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Types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
Sedimentary
Detritic or clasic: They originate by the mechanic accumulation of preexisting rock sediments known as clas
• Chemical or non-clastic: their formation is produced by the deposition of chemical compounds or by the accumulation of organic substance
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• They are formed from preexisting rocks that have gone trough a drastic increase in temperature in pressure
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• Pressure exert by rocks, pressure of plates and the pressure of existing fluids between grains that conform it
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Layerd rocks: they have parallel lines formed by a differential heat and pressure durinf their creation
Non-layered rocks: Mineral grains do not show a regular orientation but a mosaic
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They are formed by the soldification of magma. This means, the rocky material wich is hot, liquid and is located in the deepest layers of the Earth and comes out to the exterior in a volcanic eruption
• If magma is solidified under the Surface on the Earth, it is called plutonic or intrusive. This type of rocks is dense, not porous as granites
• If the cooling happens over the lithosphere, the rock is called volcanic or extrusive
• If the soldification of magma happens inside crack sor scream in their way to the Surface, then dyke rocks are formed
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CONTINENTAL DRIFT
Under the ocean crust a continuous outflow of materials fromthe mantle is produced,causingthat the continental plates are pushed, changing their position. Has caused that plates that support the conlinents displace throughout the geologic history of Earth. lt is known as continental drift.
TECTONIC PLATES
The terrestrial crust is the most external solid portion of the planet. lt has several rocky plates
called tectonic plates. Form the lithosphere, is between 70 and 150 km thick. We can imagine it as a great block that moves slowly over the asthenosphere of the Earth. The theory of the tectonic plates establishes it's continuous movement, displacing horizontally over the terrestrial mantle. In the líthosphere we can distinguish fifteen major plates.
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GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Throughout the history of the Earth, it was geological agents (internal and external) submitted the relief and the landscape to continuous transformations.
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THE GEOLOGICAL CYCLE
Is the integration of all processes caused both by internal and external geological agents, is carried out frequently, uninterruptedly and simultaneously. Have three phases:
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