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1.3 Melting pot, Urban areas were broken down into informally segregated…
1.3 Melting pot
"BOTTOM OF THE HEAP"?
The newest immigrants were welcomed with the most hostility and the worst wages and working conditions.
They could typically only find work at a local family business.
However, In 1920s there were examples of Irish Lawyers and Politicians in Boston and Italian Policemen in New York
Immigrants had political power as their votes could change an election.
They voted for Roosevelt and not for Republicans due to the Laissez faire which meant they were continued to be exploited
In local Government it was important to appeal to largest ethnic groups.
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ENRICO FERMI- An italian scientist who disapproved of the government. He was on the secret atomic bomb mission yet it still took days for him to get paperwork to travel.
Urban areas were broken down into informally segregated ghettos and separate districts.
Little Italy- Italian was spoken as the language and they kept Italian customs and a Catholic way of life.
China towns- these districts were the most rigidly self-isolating as they had the most diverse cultural differences to America.
In 1914 there were 1,500 foreign newspapers and by 1960 75
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Ford motors had a large immigrant labour force and the majority of workers were immigrants.
Three largest groups In Boston was Irish Canadian and italian.
In New York three largest was Russia, Italy and Irish.
However, the children of the immigrants were not labelled as foreign born. Parens encouraged children to get an education to improve life.
Once USA entered War 14.2% of foreign born immigrants Germany 10.8% and Japan less than 1%. They were seen as enemy aliens.
Japanese were treated most harshly, 120,000 were sent to internment camps and had belongings confiscated. Fewer than 1% of Germans and Italians interrred.
As the war progressed attitudes to enemy aliens worsened.
Shops of Italian or German sounding names broken into.
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Enemy Aliens volunteered for the US military.
Japanese men and women were in segregated units and were sent to Europe.
Italians and Germans, for the most part did not fight fellow countrymen.
An example of an immigrant serving was Admiral Chester Nimitz
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