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Endocrine System - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System
Physiological Systems
Hormones
Growth Hormone (GH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinising Hormone (LH)
Prolactin
Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone
Parathyroid Hormone
Calcitonin
Thyroid Hormone _ Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3)
Target Tissue
Liver
Muscle
Bone
Cartilage
Adrenal Cortex
Gonads
Breast
Thyroid
Uterus
KIdney
Digestive Tract
Peptide Hormones- (free state)
insulin
Growth hormone
calcitonin
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Synthesis/processing
Synthesised in rough endoplasmic reticulum of endocrine gland
Passed on to Golgi apparatus for further processing
Packaged in membrane-bound secretory vesicles - (stored until release)
Amine Hormones (free state) -
(structural derviatives of tyrosine)
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Synthesis/Processing
Enter in extracellular space and bind to adrenergic receptors on target tissue
adrenergic receptors are all membrane-spanning proteins
Steroid Hormones - (derivatives of cholesterol)
Synthesis/processing
cholesterol is moved into cell and released from the secretory vesicle
Cholesterol converted to pregnenolone - (precursor to all steroid hormones)
Different cells process pregenolone into various steroid hormones
Steroid hormones synthesised de novo (new) in response to the appropriate stimullus
Leave cell by simple diffusion due to high lipid solubility
Usually bound to selective carrier proteins in blood stream
Binding of receptor to DNA up-regulates the transcription of the specific genes -> synthesis of proteins to mediate response in these target tissues
cortisol
aldosterone
Sex hormones
Anatomy
Endocrine Organs
Pituitary gland
Located at base of the brain in small depression in the sphenoid bone
Hypothalamus
- attached to pituitary gland by the
infundibulum
anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
Parathyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Thymus gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Testis
Ovary
Carrier Proteins (long term action)
Provide a readily available supply of hormone within circulation
Act as buffer and smooth out spikes(peaks) in hormone secretion that are characteristic of some endocrine organs
hormones become less likely to be metabolised (longer half-life) by enzymes in the blood, liver and kidneys.
Anatomy
Membrane-spanning proteins
