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Deconstruction Practical - Coggle Diagram
Deconstruction Practical
What is a substance?
A specific type of matter which has defined properties which can be used to differentiate and classify it.
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Compound: A pure substance composed of atoms of two or more elements which are chemically bonded in a fixed ratio.
Mixture: A substance made up of two or more types of elements/compounds which are not chemically bonded.
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Physical Properties: Can be observed without chemically changing the substance: Colour, melting point, boiling point, hardness, solubility, density.
Chemical Properties: Can be observed during or after a chemical reaction: Acidity, flammability, reactivity.
Classifying Substances
Melting Point
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Low: <200
Covalent Molecular
Polar
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Alcohol
Primary: Hydroxyl group is bonded to a carbon atom which is bonded to one other carbon atom. Positive result in oxidation of alcohols test.
Secondary: Hydroxyl group is bonded to a carbon atom which is bonded to two other carbon atoms. Positive result in oxidation of alcohols test.
Tertiary: Secondary: Hydroxyl group is bonded to acarbon atom which is bonded to three other carbon atoms. Negative result in oxidation of alcohols test.
Carboxylic Acid: Positive result in sodium bicarbonate test, high acidity
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General Properties of Molecules: Low melting point, non-conductive (solid, liquid and aqueous solution),
There are several substances which are exceptions to this. For example, gallium, a metal is liquid at room temperature and graphite, a covalent network substance is conductive in the solid state.
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Is it Edible?
A substance is deemed edible if it can pass through the human body without causing harm or other serious negative impacts when consumed in appropriate quantities. Often it cannot be definitely determined if a substance is safe for consumption based on properties and explicit research must be conducted.
Safe
Chemically Stable: Chemically stable substances are unlikely to react when mixed with substances inside the body, thus are unlikely to cause harm.
Found in Human Body: Many substances are already found in the human body and are vital for basic function. Many of these substances will have a positive impact when consumed, however incorrect quantities may be dangerous.
Unsafe
Reactivity: If the substance is highly reactive it may cause an unexpected reaction when mixed with substances causing harm to the body.
Corrosive: If a substance is corrosive it will cause chemical burns to the digestive tract and lead to significant harm.
Indigestible: Some indigestible substances will cause damages as they pass through the digestive system, especially if they are coarse.