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Module 3 - French Becomes a Republic :red_flag: - Coggle Diagram
Module 3 - French Becomes a Republic :red_flag:
Towards being a Republic
Although Louis XVI had signed the Constitution, he entered
into secret negotiations with the King of Prussia
Before this could happen, the National Assembly voted to declare war against Prussia and Austria
While Marching, They sang patriotic songs and among the patriotic songs they sang was the Marseillaise, composed by the poet Roget de L’Isle , which is now the national anthem of France.
Jacobins
Political clubs became an important rallying point for people who wished to discuss government policies and plan their own forms of action.
The most successful of these clubs was that of the Jacobins, which got its name from the former convent of St Jacob
The Jacobins Club
The members of the Jacobin club belonged mainly to the less prosperous sections of society.
Their leader was Maximilian Robespierre.
Jacobins came to be known as the sans-culottes, literally meaning ‘those without knee breeches
Louis XVI captured
On the morning of August 10 the Jacobins stormed the Palace of the Tuileries, massacred the king’s guards and held the king himself as hostage for several hours
Later the Assembly voted to imprison the royal family
Being a Republic
From now on all men of 21 years and above, regardless of wealth, got the right to vote
The newly elected assembly was called the Convention
In 1792 it abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic
Execution of King
Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a court on the charge of treason
On 21 January 1793 he was executed publicly at the Place de la Concorde
The queen Marie Antoinette was also executed shortly after
Reign of Terror
1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign of
Terror.
All those whom he saw as being enemies of the republicwere arrested, imprisoned and then tried by a revolutionary tribunal,If the court found them guilty they were guillotined.
Finally, he was convicted by a court in July 1794, arrested and sent to the guillotine
Directory
The fall of the Jacobin government allowed the wealthier middle classes to seize power
A new constitution was introduced which provided two elected legislative councils.These then appointed a Directory, an executive made up of five members
•However, the Directors often clashed with the legislative councils, who then sought to dismiss them
Napolean
The political instability of the Directory paved
the way for the rise of a military dictator Napoleon Bonaparte.
In 1804, he crowned himself Emperor of France.
Napolean's Reforms
Napoleon Bonaparte set out to conquer neighbouring European countries and creating kingdoms where he placed members of his family
He introduced many laws such as the protection of private property and a uniform
system of weights and measures provided by the decimal system
The Napoleonic armies came to be viewed as an invading force.He finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815