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Long term weaknesses of Liberal Italy, Became a unified state in 1861,…
Long term weaknesses of Liberal Italy
Political Problems
Lack of National Identity
Even after the unification in 1870, the society remained divided
Differences between geographical, religious and social lines
Piedmont's law imposed on the other states
Regionalism, Italians feeling loyalty to their hometowns specially in the South.
Rome had little support
South was much more agricultural and impoverished
Working Class Protest
Until 1930 the vote had been limited to upper class male elites. (then over 30)
Messes felt they only cared about middle and upper classes resting to a strike in 1914.
Italian Socialist Party (PSI) founded in 1982
Banned for trying to beat down the lower class political movements.
Middle and Upper class dominated the system
Nationalist Opposition
Italian Nationalist Association was founded in 1910
Filippo Marinetti established the Futurist Movement
Nationalists believed that unification was unfinished
The regions of Trentino and Trieste remained under Austrian rule
Had a large amount of Italian speakers
The "terre irredente" / "unredeemed lands"
Glorified war and criticized the weakness of liberal governments for failing on their way to become a "Greater Power"
Their goal was have an empire to compete with Britain, France and the new Germany
Italy made only small gains in Africa and Somaliland
Failed in their attempt to conquer Abyssinia in 1896
Italy was defeated by Abyssinians at the "Battle of Adowa"
Catholic Church
Breakdown between the relationship of the Church and State
Deep ties to Catholicism
Liberal Italy was anti-clerical
Vatican forced to unification
It was anti-State, Catholics not participate in the system (1914)
The divisions of their people caused the government to be weak
Leading to a discontent and unrest
Once Mussolini was in the power, he persued an Italian foreign policy
His policy was influenced by this factors:
The Nationalist view that they had of Italy
to become a greater power and have an empire
The earlier foreign policy humiliations
The geographical position that Italy had
Their Fascist ideology
The changing international context
The Versailles Settlement
Caused by Italy's involvement in WW1
Facilitated Mussolini's rise along with his Fascist Party in 1922
Their entrance to the Entente Alliance
their politicians were divided during the intervention crisis that was developed after WW1
This alliance block of Britain, France and Russia established in 1907
Italian king Victor Emmanuel III was persuaded to back the Treaty of London
Intervention supported by Nationalists and Futurists caused division on the left
The PSI was against intervention
Conflict: "imperialist war"
The rest of the left believed they could destroy Liberal Italy and could foster revolution
The "fasci di azione rivoluzionaria" or "revolutionary action groups"
Set up by left-wing interventionists to support the war
Many people resented the PSI's anti-war stance
workforce mobilized to fight a "total" war
number of industrial workers increased
led to increased membership of trade unions and the PSI
1 more item...
Mussolini was a leading member of the PSI
He started opposing war
By october he argued in favor
He was expelled from the PSI
Economical Problems
Compounded by the Italian-Turkish war of 1911-12
Liberal government had a repution of corruption
Because of fascism
Inflation and unempleoyment
U.S. restrictions on immigrations
Difficult with limited raw materials and backwards south/untrained population
Heavy industry and and high taxation
Social Problems
consequence
More than 600,000 men died and hundreds of thousands were injured
Became a unified state in 1861
Because
And
Known as
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