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Humanistic. - Coggle Diagram
Humanistic.
Assumptions.
• The humanists approach believes that has their own unique way of perceiving and understanding the world. Therefore, the approach mains to understand people's subjectivity.
• They believe that people are self-determining meaning, they have the free will to make their own choices about the way they think and act. These choices are not determined by biological factors.
• It was developed in the early 1950's and was termed the 'third force' since it was aimed to replace the main two approaches.
• Focus on conscious experience, rather than behaviour (like Behaviourist, Social Learning Theory and Cognitive)
Focus on self.
- The self refers to how we perceive ourselves as a person.
- Rogers 1915 claimed that people have two basic needs: positive regard from other people and feeling of self-worth.
- Issues of feel worthless and having low self-esteem develop in childhood due to lack of unconditional positive regard often from parents.
Applications.
- Based on this approach, client-centred therapy aims to increase clients’ self-worth and decrease the incongruence between the self-concept and the ideal self.
- It is a non-directive therapy in which the client is encouraged to discover their own solutions to their difficulties in an atmosphere that is supportive and non-judgemental and that provides unconditional positive regard.
- It focuses on the present rather than dwell on the past unlike psychoanalysis. This therapy is widely used e.g. health, education and industry.
Free will.
- Unlike other approaches it emphasises the fact that people have free will and full control oer their own destiny.
- The approach still maintains that people are affected by biological and societal influences but they are active agents who have the ability to determine their own development within the constraints imposed by the other forces.
Congerence.
- Self-actualisation is only possible if there is congruence between the way an individual sees themselves and their ideal self (the way they want to be or think they should be).
- If there is a large gap between these two concepts, negative feelings of self-worth will arise that will make it impossible for self-actualisation to take place.
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Hierarchy of Needs.
- Self-actualisation represents that uppermost level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
- Maslow considered that whilst everyone has the desire to, not everyone achieves self-actualisation.
- It’s considered that self-actualisation can be achieved in stages.
- There are four stages that one must complete to before achieving self-actualisation. The four stages are:
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