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Cancer and food - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Genetic
      - Physical carcinogens
      - Chemical carcinogens
      - Biological carcinogens
      - Tumour incidences rise with age
    - - Cancers usually form solid tumours except cancers fo the blood (leukaemia)
      - Cancer cells are able to
        
        grow out of control and become invasive
        
        less specialised than normal cells
        
        Ignore signals to stop growing
        
        influence it's microenvironment to feed a tumour
        
        Evade the immune system
        
        Use to immune system to stay alive and grow
  - - - Can spread to or invade nearby tissue
      - Can travel to distant places in the body (metastasis)
      - When removed may grow back
    - - Do not spread into nearby tissue
      - Do not metastasis
      - When removed do not usually grow back
  - - - Carcinoma is the most common form of cancer
    - - Primary Tumour (T)
        
        TX - Main tumour cannot be measured
        
        T0 - main tumour cannot be found
        
        T1,2,3,4 - the higher the number the larger the tumour or the more it has grown into nearby tissues
      - Regional lymph nodes (N)
        
        NX - Cancer in nearby lymph nodes cannot be measured
        
        N0 - there is no cancer in nearby lymph nodes
        
        N1, 2, 3 - The higher the number the more lymph nodes that contain cancer
      - Distant Metastasis (M)
        
        MX - Metastasis cannot be measured
        
        M0 - cancer has not spread to other parts of the body
        
        M1 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body
      - Tumour grades are an indicator of how quickly a tumour is likely to grow and spread
        
        Well differentiated - the cells and organisation of the tumour are close to that of normal cells and tissue - grow and spread at a slow rate
        
        Undifferentiated or poorly differentiated - abnormal looking cells which may lack normal tissue structures - grow and spread at a fast rate
        
        Determined via biopsy usually graded as
        
        GX - grade cannot be assessed (undetermined grade)
        
        G1 - Well differentiated (low grade)
        
        G2 - Moderately differentiated (intermediate grade)
        
        G3 - poorly differentiated (high grade)
        
        G4 - Undifferentiated (high grade)