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Diabetes and diet - Coggle Diagram
Diabetes and diet
What is diabetes?
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Fasting blood glucose (FBG) = >7 mmol/L
Random blood glucose = >11.1 mmol/L
Plasma glucose conc. = ≥ 11.1 mmol/L 2 hrs after 75g anhydrous glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (even in the absence of symptoms)
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Type 1 Diabetes
Autoimmune disease characterised by loss of insulin producing pancreatic β-cells results in high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) and dependence on exogenous insulin
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Management = combination of blood glucose monitoring, administration of insulin, diet and exercise
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Type 2 Diabetes
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Risk factors
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Ethnicity
More prevalent in Black African, South Asian and African Caribbean
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Caused by defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and impaired utilisation of insulin produces (insulin resistance)
Commonly accompanied by high level of lipid in blood (dyslipidaemia), HBP (hypertension), and central obesity, all of which together are metabolic syndrome which significantly contribute to risk of CVD
Metabolic syndrome appears years before T2D and many patients show impaired fasting glucose (IFG) which is very likely to develop into T2D (prediabetes)
Diet Management
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Exercise and medication as well as a diet low in fat, sugar and salt and high in dietary fibre helps reduce weight and promotes insulin sensitivity
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