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MALNUTRITION - Coggle Diagram

- - - - lung
      - stomach
      - pancreatic
      - oesophogeal
  - - - conversion into energy
        
        cell proliferation
      - mediated
        
        cytokines? hormone like
        
        paracrine fashion
        
        mediate immune response
        
        cytokines
        
        inflammatory response
        
        TNF2
        
        IL6
        
        tumour factor
        
        proteolysis inducing factor
        
        initiate protein breakdown - proteosome
- - - - malnutrition due to diet deficient in protein
    - - condition of abnormally low body weight associated with chronic disease
        
        cancer
        
        AIDS
        
        TB
    - - any disease resulting in wasting of tissue
    - - severe wasting in infants
    - - collection of symptoms that define a condition
- - - - bowel movements of excessive volume & frequency & liquidity
      - 3 different types
        
        osmotic
        
        eg. sorbitol
        
        retains water in lumen of intestine
        
        additive to sugar free sweets
        
        secretory diarrhoea
        
        eg. enterotoxin: increased water transport out of the cell
        
        malabsorptive
        
        kwashiorkor
        
        reduced ability to digest and/or absorb nutritients
        
        decreased digestive enzymes in pancreas and intestine
        
        pancreas
        
        endocrine
        
        production of hormones
        
        5 more items...
        
        exocrine
        
        Acinar
        
        1 more item...
        
        ductal
        
        1 more item...
        
        lumen come together in ducts
        
        pancreatic duct transports enzymes to intestines from islets
        
        intestine see screenshot
        
        goblet cells (secrete mucus)
        
        protective layer (underlying epithelium)
        
        helps lubricate contents as passes along
        
        stem cells
        
        enterocytes (absorption)
        
        last 1-3 days and must be replaced from stem cells
        
        villi (finger-like projections)
        
        entero
        
        endocrine
        
        increases SA
        
        panted cells
        
        2 more items...
        
        a decrease in amino acids leads to a decrease in protein synthesis which leads to a decrease in proliferation which leads to a decrease in surface are which leads to a decrease in absorption
    - - hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
        
        fatty liver?
        
        ascites? (fluid in abdomen)
    - - hair
        
        easily plucked out
        
        changes colour
        
        paler dt lack of amino acids
        
        alternating good growth w poor growth (pigment not deposited)
      - nails
        
        finger clubbing
        
        raised nail bed (not sure why)
    - - outer layer of epidermis of skin is removed by scaling
      - stratum corneum
        
        stratum lucidum
        
        stratum granulosum
        
        stratum spinosum
        
        stratum basale
        
        stem cells
        
        fibroelastic tissue
        
        lost through scaling
    - - excessive accumulation of fluid in body tissues
      - kwashiorkor: PITTING OEDEMA
      - local (swelling following injury or inflammation)
      - general (heart or kidney failure)
        
        within chest cavity (pleural effusions)
        
        abdomen (ascites)
        
        distended abdomen
        
        within airspaces in lungs (pulmonary oedema)
      - decrease in protein intake
        
        decrease in amino acid availability
        
        decrease in production of albumin (plasma protein)
        
        albumin function
        
        carrier eg. fatty acids
        
        maintains osmotic pressure in blood
      - in a normal blood vessel the osmotic pressure is maintained in blood vessels by albumin so only nutrients diffuse into the interstitial space
      - in a kwashiorkor affected blood vessel there is a decrease in albumin so water diffuses out of the vessels into the interstitial space - blood oedema
- - - - CH2O
      - mono/di/poly-saccharides
        
        glucose
        
        sucrose
        
        glycogen
      - energy source for brain (absolute requirement for glucose)
    - - amino acids
        
        synthesis of plasma proteins (albumin)
        
        essential
        
        non essential
        
        formation of hormones
        
        cell growth
        
        replication
        
        repair