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DISORDER OF THE EYES - Coggle Diagram
DISORDER OF THE EYES
GLAUCOMA
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: glaucoma pathophysiology is mainly caused by raised intraocular pressure that put pressure and damagers the optic nerve, and once the optic nerve is damaged it fails to conduct it daily function to send visual information to the brain and this eventually leads to vision loss.
NURSING CARE PLAN
EXPECTED OUTCOME: no pain after it if managed properly. intraocular pressure will be controlled and bring down to normal. lacrimation will be controlled. photophobia and corneal haze will be eliminated. patient will be well hydrated.
NURSING INTERVENTION maintain hygiene to prevent infection, administer systemic and local antibiotics and analgesics as prescribed. apply cool compresses to the forehead. health educate the patient about the importance of eyedrop administration. replace the fluid lost by giving fluids to the patient as prescribed.
NURSING DIAGNOSES acute or severe pain related to the pathophysiological process and surgical corrections. -poor or loss of vision due to disease process in cataract. altered visual perception secondary to increased intraocular pressure and manifested as profound lacrimation, photophobia, corneal haze, fluid volume deficit in relation to vomiting.
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PROBLEM: pain , nausea and vomiting, seeing coloured halos around light, blurry vision, and ocular redness.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS : loss of peripheral or side vision. seeing halos around light. eye pain, loss of vision, narrowed vision, redness in the eye, nausea and vomiting.
CAUSES: burn or chemical injury
severe eye infection
blocked blood vessels leading to poor circulation in the eye.
blunt trauma
optic nerve damage
DEFINITION : glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which is normally characterised by intraocular pressure(IOP) which result damaging the optic nerve and eventually cause vision loss.
RETINOPATHY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : hypertensive retinopathy is normally caused by acute blood pressure elevation which causes reversible vasoconstriction in the retina blood vessels, and hypertensive crisis may cause optic disc oedema. severe hypertension may lead to exudative vascular changes and it may result to endothelial damage and necrosis.
NURSING CARE PLAN
EXPECTED OUTCOME: the patient will get to know the factors that contribute to unstable glucose levels, patient will be able to control his/her glucose levels and have the right diet and take medication on time . high blood pressure levels will be expected to be at their normal ranges within 4 hours
NURSING INTERVENTION: encourage the patient to take the correct medication as prescribed by the doctor, it could be diabetic or hypertensive medication it should be taken on time and the correct amount
NURSING DIAGNOSIS : risk of unstable blood glucose, risk of unstable hypertension.
EVALUATION blood glucose is back within normal ranges and as for hypertension is at their normal ranges
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CAUSES : diabetic retinopathy is cause by High levels of blood sugar, damaged retina,
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS : retinal swelling, eye floaters, blurriness, loss of central vision, difficulty in perceiving colours.
DEFINITION: is a process of microvascular damage to the retina. it may develop rapidly or slowly and eventually lead to blurred vision or progressive vision loss, it normally occur in adults with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
REFERENCES
. Shagam JY: Diagnosis and treatment of ocular disorders, Radiol technol 81:565, 2010
*2. Wu Y, Carnt N, Stapleton F: Contact lens user profile, attitudes and level of compliance to lens care, contact lens anterior eye 33:183,2010
- US Food and Drug Administration: LASIK. Retrieved from www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/productsandmedicalprocedures/surgeryandlifesupport/LASIK/default.htm.
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Bourne RRA Stevens GA White RA et al.on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert GroupCauses of vision loss worldwide, 1990–2010: a systematic analysisLancet Glob Health. 2013; 1: e339-e349.