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Malignant conditions www.nurse'slab.co.za - Coggle Diagram
Malignant conditions www.nurse'slab.co.za
Definition
A malignant tumor of bone in which there is a proliferation of osteoblasts
Causes
Rapid bone growth
Exposure to radiation
Genetic factors
Risk factors
Age ( 10-30)
Gander. more in males than females
Ethnicity. common in Africans than whites
Diagnostic tests
CT scan
MRI
X-Ray
PET scan
Diet
Eat calcium rich foods
Well balanced diet
Clinical manifestations
Swelling
Pain in the bone
Limping
Medical treatment
involves surgery, chemotherapy and radiation
Amputation , bone grafting or wide local excision
Prosthesis
Doxorubicin
Cisplatin
Pathophysiology
Cells produce a range of growth factors that exert autocrine and paracrine effects.
Dysregulated expression of growth factors such as transforming growth factor, insulin-like growth factor leads to the accelerated proliferation of cells.
Nursing management
Diagnosis
Risk for injury related to Amputation of the limb
Interventions
Observe the dressing for bleeding, redness, drainage and pain.
Teach about stump care , toughening exercises, application of stocking etc.
Educate about the proper use of crutches
Definition
A cancer of the colon or rectum, located at the digestive tract's lower end
Causes
Cancer develops when cells grow and divide
Risk factors
Old age
Colorectal cancer family history
A sedentary lifestyle
Diagnostic tests
Colonoscopy
CT scan
X ray
MRI
Clinical manifestations
Pain in the abdomen
Blood in the stool
Changes in the bowel habits
abdominal discomfort
Medical treatment
Lymph node dissection and colectomy
chemotherapy
Avastin, Oxaliplatin, Capecitabine
Pathophysiology
A disease originating from the epithelial cells lining the colon or rectum of the GI tract, most frequently as a result of mutations
Deficiency in DNA mismatch repair. it starts as a growth on the inner lining of the colon or rectum called polyps.
Nursing management
Diagnosis
Risk for constipation related to lack of exercise, chemotherapy or carcinoma of the colon
Interventions
Monitor intake and output 4hourly
Encourage adequate fluid intake
Adjust diet as appropriate
Check for impaction if no bowel movement for 3 days
Diet
Eat foods rich in fiber
well balanced diet
Adequate fluid intake encouraged
