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(Diabetic Retinopathy) - Coggle Diagram
Diabetic Retinopathy
Pathophysiology
The microvascular disease , hyperglycemia is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal microvascular damage.
Multiple metabolic pathways have been implicated in hyperglycemia-induced vascular damage including the polyol pathway.
advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation, the protein kinase C pathway and the hexosamine pathway
Clinical manifestations
Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
micro-aneurysms, small ‘dot and blot’ haemorrhages, ‘splinter’ haemorrhages.
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Aetiology
patients with type I diabetes, no clinically significant retinopathy can be seen in the first 5 years after the initial diagnosis of diabetes is made. After 10-15 years, up to
50% of patients show some signs of retinopathy% after 30 year.
In patients with type II diabetes, the incidence of diabetic retinopathy increases with the disease duration. Of patients with type II diabetes, 23% have nonproliferative diabetic.
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