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(Retinopathy of prematurity) - Coggle Diagram
Retinopathy of prematurity
Clinical manifestations
Gestational age at birth, especially if younger than 32 weeks' gestation
Birth weight of less than 1,5 kg, especially less than 1,25 kg
Other possible risk factors (eg, supplemental oxygen, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, concurrent illness)
Pharmacological management
anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs to treat ROP is ongoing.
Anti-VEGF drugs work by blocking the overgrowth of blood vessels in the retina.
The medication is injected into the eye while the infant is under a brief general anesthesia
Pathophysiology
The retinal vasculature begins in the 16th week of gestation.
Retinal vessels grow out of the optic disc as a wave of mesenchymal spindle cells.
As these mesenchymal spindle cells lead the shunt, endothelial proliferation and capillary formation follow. These new capillaries will form the mature retinal vessels.
The choroidal vessels (that are vascularized by the 6th week of gestation) supply the rest of the avascularized retina
The nasal portion of the retina is completely vascularized to the ora serrata by the 32nd week of gestation.
Surgical & psychosocial
surgery involves scarring areas on the peripheral retina to stop the abnormal growth and eliminate pulling on the retina.
Since surgery focuses treatment on the peripheral retina, these areas will be scarred and some amount of peripheral vision may be lost
Aetiology
Blood vessels in the eyes normally finish developing a few weeks before birth.
Low birth weight
How early a baby is born. A premature baby born at 28 weeks has a greater risk of having ROP than a premature baby born at 32 weeks.