Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale By David Wechsler - Coggle Diagram
Wechsler Intelligence Scale
By
David Wechsler
About David Wechsler
He is an American psychologist and inventor of several widely used intelligence tests for adults and children.
Born: January 12, 1896 in Lespedi, Romania
Died: May 2, 1981 in New York, United States
Education: Studied at City College of New York and Columbia University where he got his PhD, 1925
Work: Association with Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital, New York City as chief psychologist (1932-1967)
Definition of Intelligence: “the aggregate or global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally,
and to deal effectively with his environment”
Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)
WMS was revised to WMS-R which included age related norms. Then, it was revised to WMS-III and then WMS-IV. WMS-IV addressed issues of behaviour and brain relationships in memory and learning
Time: 45 to 55 minutes
Age: 16 to 90 years
Index:
Auditory memory
Visual memory
Visual working memory
Immediate memory
Delayed memory
Brief Cognitive Status Exam is given before the assessment is given to access individuals' global cognitive functioning and to differentiate groups with dementia and without dementia
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale
was developed with the help of the criticisms of the Binet scale (1937)
The subtests under this scale was obtained from different intelligence tests:
-
Comprehension, Arithmetic, Digit Span, Similarities, and Vocabulary
(Standford-Binet test, revised version)
Picture Arrangement (Army Group Examinations)
Block design (Koh’s Block Design)
Information and comprehension (Army Alpha)
Digit Symbol-Coding (Army Beta)
Picture Completion (Healy Picture Completion)
Object Assembly (Pinther-Paterson Test)
Benefit
Used point scale
Had performance scale
Issue
Problems with reliability of subtests
Size of sample
(New York residents)
Representative of normative sample were all Whites
CONCLUSION: Due to issues with this scale, it was revised to form the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Wechsler Preschool & Primary
Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
WPPSI (1967)
Downward extension of WISC and
was developed due to increasing need
for assessment of preschoolers
WPPSI-R (1989)
WHY:
expanded age range from 4 to 6 years - 3 to 7 years 3 months
updated norms
added new subtest
WPPSI-III (1997)
WHY:
added subtests
divided age range into 2 age bands
Age band 1 (2 y 6 m to 3 y 11 m)
Age band 2 (4 y to 7 y 3 m)
WPPSI-IV (2012)
WHY:
Added working memory subtests
added processing speed subtests
simplified instructions
Reliability and Validity:
FSIQ (.95 to .96)
Index (.85 to .96)
Subtests (.71 to .95)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
WAIS-R (1981)
WHY: was revised to update norms
Consisted of 6 verbal subtests
&
5 performance subtests
There are 3 scores: Verbal IQ, Performance IQ and Full Scale IQ
WAIS-III (1997)
WHY:
to update norms
to extend age range
to modify items
to decrease reliance of timed performance
to develop index scores
to test reliability and validity
Index:
Verbal Comprehension: (VERBAL)
Vocabulary subtest
Similarities subtest
Information subtest
Perceptual Organization: (PERFORMANCE)
Picture completion subtest
Block design subtest
Matrix reasoning
Working Memory: (VERBAL)
Arithmetic subtest
Digit span subtest
Letter-number sequencing subtest
Processing Speed: (PERFORMANCE)
Digit symbol-coding subtest
Symbol search subtest
WAIS (1955)
WAIS-IV (2008)
WHY:
eliminate verbal & performance IQs
update norms
added more subtest (15 VS 14 of WAIS-III)
computation of FSIQ & indexes based on 10 core subtests
General ability index (Verbal comprehension + Perceptual reasoning)
deletion of 2 subtests (object assembly and picture arrangement)
organizing subtests into CORE and SUPPLEMENTAL
renaming Perceptual Organization Index to Perceptual Reasoning Index
Verbal Comprehension:
Similarities (Comprehension as supplemental test)
Vocabulary
Information
Perceptual Reasoning:
Block design (Figure weights picture completion as supplemental test)
Matrix reasoning
Visual puzzles
Working Memory:
Digit span (Letter-number sequencing as supplemental)
Arithmetic
Processing Speed
Symbol search (Cancellation as supplemental test)
Coding
Reliability & Validity:
Split-half - .98
Test-retest - .96
Inter-scorer - .90
Other info:
Age range (16 years to 90 years 11 months)
Qualification level (C)
Time (60 - 90 minutes)
Scores (FSIQ & Index scores)
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test
(WIAT)
WIAT (1992)
WIAT-II (2001)
WIAT-III (2009)
Age 4 to 19 years 11 months
Scales:
Reading scale
Math scale
Written language scale
Oral language scale
Before doing the reading scale, a Reading Skills Subtest will ne given to test individuals' reading readiness
Uses:
identify academic strength and weaknesses
inform decisions regarding educational services/ placement/ diagnosis of learning disability
plan intervention
measure progress
Reliability:
Test-retest- .82 to .94
Inter-rater- 98 to 99%
Wechsler Intelligence Scale
for Children (WISC)
WISC (1949)
WISC-III (1991)
WHY:
brought a new subtest
introduced new index scores
WISC-R (1974)
WHY:
Age range was changed from 5 -15 to 6 -16.
WISC-IV (2003)
WISC-V (2014)
Has 21 subtests and 15 composite scores
