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INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS OF THE EYE - Coggle Diagram
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS OF THE EYE
CONJUVITIS
Definition
it the inflammation and the infection of the conjunctiva
Pathophysiology
The surface tissues of the eye and the ocular adnexa are colonized by normal flora such as streptococci, staphylococci, and corynebacteria. Alterations in the host defense, in the bacterial titer, or in the species of bacteria can lead to clinical infection. Alteration in the flora can also result from external contamination.
Causes
it may be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.
it may be secondary to dermatitis ad allergic reactions.
signs and symptoms
redness of the eye
Irritation
Swollen lining of the eye
Nursing care plan
Pain due to infection and the disease process as evidenced by the redness of the eye, irritation and discharge from the eye.
administer analgesia, anti histamine, antibiotic and anti-viral as prescribed by the doctor.
Anxiety related to knowledge deficit, ward layout and dependency where there is poor vision.
Nursing Management
eye irrigation when the eye has discharge or purulent.
patient isolation incase of the pink eye because it highly contagious
padding of the eye, the padded eye should be regularly checked and cleaned.
UVEITIS
definition
it is the inflammation of the uvea, the middle part of the eye.
Pathophysiology
Uveitis may occur as a consequence of various causes and background such as autoimmune diseases, infections and hematopoietic malignancy.
Causes
injury or trauma of the eye
injuries caused by surgery
infection
Nursing care plan
Preserving visual acuity
Relieving ocular pain
Nursing management
Administer eye drops especially corticosteroids and pupil
dilators to reduce inflammation and pain.
Signs and symptoms
Eye redness
Blurred Vision
Swelling
Sensitivity to Light
Irritation of the eye
watery discharge of the eye
SCLERITIS
Definition
It is the inflammation of the entire thickness of the sclera.
Pathophysiology
The inflammation of the sclera is associated with the auto immune disease is characterized by zonal necrosis of the sclera surrounded by granulomatous inflammation and vasculitis.
It can present as a very painful red eye, usually sectoral with associated oedema. The necrotising type that can cause thinning of the sclera makinf it look blue. This tuoe is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and systematic vasculitis.
Causes
joint swelling and stiffness
lupus or other connective tissue disease.
eye infection.
inflammatory bowel disease
Sjogren's syndrome
granulomatosis.
scleroderma
Signs and symptoms
tenderness of the eye.
inflammation of the white part of the eye.
blurred vision.
tearing.
extreme sensitivity
Nursing care plan
Relief from pain
Poor vision due to disease process and inflammation of the eye as evidenced by tearing and tenderness of the eye
Nursing management
Administer NSAIDS, corticosteriods, immunomodulatory agents and surgery at last if the problem is not treated.
KERATITIS
Definition
It is the infection of the cornea, can cause scarring of the cornea and blindness.
Pathophysiology
They are a result of an alteration in the cornea’s defense mechanisms that allow bacteria to invade when an epithelial defect is present. The organisms may come from the tear film or as a contaminant from foreign bodies, contact lenses or irrigating solutions. The severity of the disease depends on the strain of the organism, the size of the inoculum, the susceptibility of the host and immune response, the antecedent therapy, and the duration of the infection. The process of corneal destruction can take place rapidly (within 24hrs with virulent organisms) so that rapid recognition and initiation of treatment is imperative to prevent visual loss.
Causes
Bacterial, viral and fungal infections
Hypersensitivity to staphylococcus aureus
Nutritional deficiencies
Exposure of the cornea to UV light
Signs and symptoms
Red painful eye with decreased vision
Lacrimation
Photophobia
Nursing care plan
poor vision related to refractive errors and infection as evidenced by lacrimation, reported photophobia and red painful eye.
Nursing management
Investigation of the cause and treatment as per doctor's orders.
Corneal scrapping must be done
Administer analgesia for pain and antibiotics for lesion healing
REFERENCES
• Chauke, M., Mogotlane, S., Mokoena, J., Matlakala, M., Randa, B., Young, A., 2018.Juta’s Complete Textbook of medical Surgical Nursing. 2nd edition. CapeTown. Juta and company (pty) Ltd.
• Hinkle, J.L., Cheever, H.K., 2010.Brunner and Suddarth’s textbook of medical surgical nursing.12th edition.Philadelphia.Wolters Kluwer.
• Lewis, S.L., Dirksen, S.R., Heitkemper, M.M., Bucher, L., 2011.Medical-Surgical Nursing; Assessment and manangement of clinical problems.9nth Ed.Canada.Elsevier Mosby.