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Degenerative ocular conditions - Coggle Diagram
Degenerative ocular conditions
Degeneration of the eyelids
Entropion
the turning around of the lid; the condition may be congenital
due to ageing or scarring following trauma to the eye
Treatment is surgical
Ectropion
May be congenital or age-related, or may follow seventh nerve
palsy
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: watering of the eye, irritation and
exposure keratitis
Eversion of the lower lid, usually bilaterally
treatment: surgical
Degeneration of the conjunctiva
Pinguecula
In some instances it may become inflammed
A common benign lesion of the conjunctiva consisting of a
yellowish white nodule on the bulbar conjunctiva in the area of
the palpebral fissure.
The condition rarely needs treatment
Pterygium
Presents with inflammation and irritation
The condition is usually bilateral
MANAGEMENT;Anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The apex slowly grows towards the
cornea where it will interfere with vision if it reaches the pupillary
area.
Surgery is indicated where the pterygium is encroaching on the
cornea
A triangular growth of conjunctival tissue occurring on the nasal
bulbar conjunctiva;
HEALTH EDUCATION: patients should be advised to wear UV
light-protective sunglasses to prevent pterygium.
Degeneration of the sclera (Juta's, 2015)
Staphyloma
CAUSES: it is caused by severe and prolonged increased
intraocular pressure, thinning of the sclera, trauma, growths,
tuberculosis, syphilis and myopia.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:logophthalmos, lacrimation,
ectropion, iridodialysis and subluxated lens
A thinning and protrusion of part of the eyeball lined with uveal
tissue.
Surgical management includes iridectomy to reduce ocular hypertension, if the eye is painful and blind, unecleation may be carried out
Nursing management(Juta's, 2015)
Administer systemic and local antibiotics and analgesics as prescribed
Provide information on the eye condition and possible prognosis to alleviate anxiety
Shield the eye from light accordingly and rest the eyes as required
Referral to the Blind society to support patient where permanent loss of sight has occurred
Degeneration of the optic nerve
Optic atrophy
This may occur following retinal diseases(Juta's, 2015)
Signs and symptoms include : permanent loss of vision
There is no treatment, educate and prepare the patient, both physically and psychologically, for the ultimate end which is blindness