Antioxidant

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Vitamin Antioxidant

Vitamin A

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Beta carotene

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Pro-form: least active because enyzme have to convert it into retinol 12:1 ratio

gets converted to

retinol

pre-form vitamin A

Antioxidant Roles

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has shown effectiveness in invitro experiements

Non-antioxidant roles

Vision

protect skin from sun damage

Immune system

Non-antioxidant roles

promote bone growth and cell differenation

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vision

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prevent infections in body including skin, lung eye, bladder infection

required to produce T-cell, which in turn help to support the immune system

Deficencies

prevent animal reproduction, early age growth and consequences of life long bone health problems

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protect cell membrane and LDL from oxidative damage caused by free radicals

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promote bone growth activate enzyme required for osteoblast

protect eyes from aging damage in macula

provide anti-inflammory properties

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Antioxidant roles

none

Deficiencies

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There is no DRI. As a result, there are no concerns with lack of Beta Carotene

Toxciity

There is no DRI. Therefore, no severe symptoms due to overconsumption

Hypercarotenemia

may have low risk of DNA damage, epithelia cancer and heart disease

a reversible symptom that causes orange skin tone

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Examples:

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plant based food in dark green, orange colour

carrots, baked yam, papya

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Food sources

Plant based food with green and orange colour

yam, carrot, papaya

Toxicity

protect eyes

occurs due to large intake animal food and large dose of retinol supplements

Mealse: a common disease in developing countries that is most susceptible to children due to lack of Vitamin A required to produce T-cell

result in health issues in vision such night blindness and Xerophthalmia

unable to produce muscous and prone to infections called keratinization

symptoms includes loss of appetite, nausea, headache, dry skin

teratogenic: overdose during pregnancy causes birth defect

causes build up of free radical

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Pre-form = most active form of vitamin A in our body

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exclusively found in animal based food with high source of protein; plant based food would not provide vitamin A and required to take supplements

Beef liver, 2% milk, egg, cheese

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