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Spinal cord disorders www.nurse'slab.co.za - Coggle Diagram
Spinal cord disorders www.nurse'slab.co.za
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Causes
Triggered by viral or bacterial infections
Defination
It is a neurological disorder in which the body' immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system.
Diagnostic test
MRI of the spinal cord
Lumbar puncture and CSF analysis
Blood test
Head CT scan
Clinical manifestation
Muscle weakness
Paraesthesia
Absent tendon reflexes
Damaged cranial nerve
Sensory disorders
Pathophysiology
Auto-antibodies are formed in response to a bacterial or viral infection
Demyelination of the peripheral nerves
Action of antibodies will cause disorganization of myelin sheet and disrupt nerve conduction
Risk factors
Hepatitis B
HIV&AIDS
Influenza virus
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Common in males
Medical management
Plasma exchange( plasmapheresis)
Immunoglobulin therapy
Diet
Eliminate refined foods
Eliminate added sugars
Eat more plant-based diet
Add fermented foods
Nursing management
Diagnosis
Acute pain related to inflammation of nerves as evidenced by autonomic responses of diaphoresis or tachycardia, discomfort in the extremities e.t.c
Ineffective breathing pattern related to decrease lung as evidenced by respiratory changes or
Nursing interventions
Assess level of pain to determine the extent of pain or presence of paralysis
Administer analgesics based on pain assessment and respiratory status to control pain and promote comfort
Promote support to extremities to increase comfort and prevent risk of skin impairment
Assess the frequency, symmetry and depth of breathing. Observe for increased work of breathing
Observe for signs of respiratory fatigue such as shortness of breath it may indicate neuromuscular respiratory failure
Assess oxygen saturation
Evaluation
The expected outcome would have been resolved in 30min after commencement of interventions
Spinal stenosis
Definition
The narrowing of the spinal canal.
Causes
Commonly caused by wear and tear changes in the spine related to osteoarthritis
Clinical manifestations
Numbness or tingling in a hand, foot, arm or leg
impaired in walking and balance
Neck pain
Back pain
Diagnostic tests
X-rays
MRI
CT myelogram
Risk factors
Age above 50
Trauma
Congenital spinal deformity
Pathophysiology
Related to cord dysfunction elicited by compression and degenerative instability. With aging, the intervertebral disk degenerates and collapses leading to spur formation. This commonly occur at C5-6 and C6-7.
Complications
Paralysis
Incontinence
Diet
Avoid foods rich in Omega-6 fatty acids
Eat foods reach in Omega-3 and Omega-9
Medical treatment
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and nerve pain medication
Physical therapy
Self-care (physical exercises)
Nursing management
Nursing diagnosis
Acute pain
impaired urinary Elimination
Interventions
Assess for presence of pain and quantify pain (location, type of pain, intensity on a scale of 0-10)
Evaluate increased irritability, muscle tension and unexpected changes in vital signs
Assist patient in identifying precipitating factors
Provide comfort measures eg. position changes, ROM exercises etc.
Evaluation
The expected goal reached after 30 min of nursing intervention
