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Ecology - Coggle Diagram
Ecology
Ecology is a branch of biology concerned with the study of the interactions of living organisms
with each other and with their environment.
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Biosphere is a region of the earth where life can exist.(atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere)
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An abiotic factor is anything that is non-living and has an effect on living organisms in an
ecosystem
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Edaphic factors are anything relating to the soil or geology of land that have an effect on
living organisms in an ecosystem.
A biotic factor is anything that is living and has an effect on living organisms in an ecosystem. (e.g
presence of preditor, presence of pathogenic organisms)
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A grazing food chain is a relationship of the sequence of predator-prey relationships in an
ecosystem.
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An ecological pyramid of numbers shows the numbers of organisms at each trophic level in a
food chain.
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Predation is the catching, killing and eating of another organism.
Symbiosis is the biological relationship in which two species live in close proximity to each other
and interact regularly in such a way as to benefit one or both of the organisms
Mutualism is when both of the organisms benefit from the presence of each other, e.g. N2-fixing
bacteria that live in root nodules of legume plants (such as peas) assimilate NO3- from N2.
Parasitism is where one organism, called the parasite, lives in or on another organism, called the host, and the host is harmed. (e.g. aphids are parasites of plants, athlete’s foot and mosquitos)
Factors affecting human population: War, Contraception, Famine & Disease.
Nutrient recycling is the process of exchanging important elements between living organisms and
the environment.
Carbon cycle is the process through which elemental C (in the form of biomolecules) is exchanged
between living things and the environment
Nitrogen cycle is the process through which elemental N2 (in the form of biomolecules) is
exchanged between living organisms and their environment.
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Eutrophication is a process where water receives too many nutrients that stimulate excessive algal
growth.
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3 processes of sewage treatment: primary=physical screening, secondary=microorganisms,
tertiary=addition of microorganisms if PO & NO levels too high, or chlorine (kill pathogens).