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B2 - Cells and Control - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Cell Division occurs due to mitosis
    - - A process in which cells become specialised, making them very efficient at one specific function
      - Cell Differentiation is used to to specialise cells as
    - - Plant use Cell Division, elongation and differentiation to repair, growth and specialise respectively
    - - Animals use Cell Division and Cell Differentiation to repair and growth whilst cell differentiation is used to specialise cells
- - - - Used in the body to repair cells
      - Unlike Embryonic Stem Cells, Adult Stem Cells are only found in certain parts of the body, like in the bone marrow
  - - - Embryonic Stem Cells have the ability to specialise into any type of cell
      - Used in the body for growth and development
  - - - Adult Stem cells are already used to cure some diseases, like Sickle Cell Anaemia, which can sometimes be cured with a bone marrow transplant
      - Stem Cells could have the potential to bring about new cures
    - - Disease Transmission
        
        If the Cells of the donor, has been injected with a virus, there is a risk that the virus will be passed on to the patient
      - Rejection
        
        Transplanted cells could be rejected by the immune system, triggering an immune response
      - Tumour Development
        
        Stem Cells divide very quickly, and if this process couldn't be controlled by scientists, this could lead to Tumours forming
- - - - Controls activities that are unconcious
      - for example, breathing, maintaining steady heart rate
    - - Responsible for Muscle Coordination and Balance
    - - Left Hemisphere
        
        Left Hemisphere controls the muscles on the right side of the body
      - Right Hemisphere
        
        Right Hemisphere controls the activity in the left side of the body
      - Also is responsible for vision, movement, intelligence, memory, etc
  - - - A CT scanner is an X-Ray used to produce an image of the brain
    - - PET scanning shows the activity in the brain, using radioactive chemicals to see which parts of the brain are active.
    - - It is very hard to repair damage done to the Brain or parts of the CNS
      - Surgeons cannot surgically remove tumours that form on some parts of the brain
      - Treatment of problems associated with the brain may also lead to permanent damage done to the nervous system
  - - - stimuli
        receptor
        sensory neurone
        CNS
        motor neurone
        effector
        response
      - Neurones : speed up the impulse from the receptor to the CNS and from the CNS to the motor neurone
        
        In order to make this more efficient, neurones are covered in a myelin sheath, acting as an electrical insulator
        
        Sensory Neurone
        
        One Long Dendron, carrying impulses from receptor cells to the cell body. And has one short axon, carries the impulse from cell body to CNS
        
        Relay Neurone
        
        Many Short Dendrons connecting impulses from the sensory neurones to the cell body. And Contains one long axon to carry impulses from the Cell body to the CNS
        
        Motor Neurone
- - - - Rods - Are sensitive to dim light but can't see colour
      - Cones - Are sensitive to different colours but not in dim light
  - - - Glasses or Contact lenses can be used to correct it, have to be convex lenses
  - - - Glasses or contact lenses can be used to correct it, they have to concave lenses