Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Ecology of Nonparental Child Care - Coggle Diagram
Ecology of Nonparental Child Care
Nonparental Childcare
Development
Cognitive
- Attending quality pre-k programs can increase IQ by as much as 10 points. Intervention programs exist for disadvantaged kids to compensate for potential deficits, but for it to fully work family must be involved.
Social
Children in daycares found be more socially competent, but less polite and more aggressive/hostile
Psychological Studies
-
Spitz
learned foundling home children had attachment issues, but those raised by mothers in prison were okay.
Bowlby
found maternal care and love most important influence on infant's future development.
Skeels
found that infant nurture and care is essential, but does not have to be from mother and can be corrected if initially denied. More
contemporary studies
have examined nonparental care and have found detriments to attachments when quality of care is lacking for 20+ hours a week.
Mesosystem Influences
Government
- some societies offer full government child care support, but in USA programs like Head Start still provide noticeable improvements in long-term welfare of both parents and children.
Business
- can offer leave, flexible scheduling, child care assistance (paid or on-site). Makes happier more consistent employees.
Chronosystem Concerns affecting research
Child-care settings - quality based on center vs. in-home
Ecological system influences
Separation from mother - potential hurting bond
Socialization Outcomes
Curriculum
- Cognitively oriented, Direct Instruction, Montessori, Developmental Interaction, and Tools of the Mind
Ideologies
- can vary by social class and culture, but it helps when care center and parents have the same ideology.
Macrosystem Influences
Childcare in 20th century for social service, enrichment, parent employability, intervention, and readiness
political ideology, economics, and science and technology
Developmentally Appropriate Caregiving
- Needs to be based on knowledge of maturation and collaboration with parental ideologies/values
Caregivers and Child Protection
The Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003 defines and gives caregivers/teachers conditions to report potential maltreatment.
Daycare and extended daycare faces issues of quality, affordability, and availability, in spite of regulations and accreditations from NAEYC, NAFCC, and INA
Piaget Developmental Stage Video Clip - demonstrations of sensory, preoperational, concrete and formal cognitive tasks
We are asking too Much of Daycare
Studies indicate only 9-15% of childcare centers offer good/high quality care. state regulations are too lax, caregivers underpaid, and caring for too many children.
The quality of childcare regardless of setting, is important for developmental skills, in brain maturation and school readiness. Quality centers can actually enhance certain skills that children wouldn't get at home
Childcare is a sensitive topic in the political sphere, there is concern about the quality of the care, but people are afraid to raise their voices for a return to mother care over backlash about equality of the sexes.
30+ hours a week in daycare is linked to behavior problems, particularly aggression, and that leads to less sensitive caregiving.
The system was meant for exceptions and children with troubled parents, but is now overtaxed by having 50% of children involved in daycare. But finding good solutions is unclear because of limitations on research and findings promoted out of context.
Babies and young children need: 1)Sensory experiences 2) A consistent loving relationship with at least 1 caregiver 3) "Emotional Dialogues" with the caregiver 4) Long negotiations with gestures and eventually words 5) Pretend play and spontaneous idea exchanges 6) to have opinion and debate elicited.
A parent's priority
A variety of solutions
- the "four thirds" method of one or both parents giving up partial job duties to maximize childcare time, single-parents should make the most of the hours they do have together, some should forego the demanding career and expensive house and settle for what gets time and physical needs met, very troubled parents should use the care centers while they seek to get better
Hard questions
means hard answers - The four-thirds solution may not be achievable for many, but should be a goal to work toward, achieving the goal may require parental sacrifice and cutting fluff from the budget for a time but children are worth it and it won't be forever, single parents seek out a secondary quality caregiver, every little bit helps when you can't cut back on work, a cultural change in views of the importance of parenthood is also needed.
There is a
dilemma
in being able to meet child and parental needs.
When Mom Can't be Home - Making the most of the Second Choice
Conditions
- Divorce, death, or economic hardship may require a mother to enter the workforce, but child needs should be considered in daycare choices
Options
- In home care, home child center, child center, industry or university care center, neighborhood babysitting, alternate work schedules.
Consider
- Quality of care, personnel, curriculum, safety, cleanliness, meals, licensing, and cost.
Ward Members
- should assist with babysitting as able and avoid passing judgments.
Make the most of the time you DO have with your child
Back in 2009, the Michigan Department of Human Services overstepped their bounds, when a mom was ordered to stop watching her friends' kids while they waited for the bus to come, saying she was running an illegal daycare service and was facing fines, even though she wasn't getting paid.
Family Time Excerpts from Church leaders
Elder Maxwell emphasized that spiritual power and responsibility are not in our genes, we cannot properly pass on those things if we as parents are too busy to teach them.
Elder Scott urged us to periodically find a quiet place and time to ponder our direction in life, a life of pleasure is not our prime purpose here.
Elder Perry encouraged us to take a time out from media and devices that don't have much value, to focus on family bonding.
Elder Oaks emphasized that we need to prioritize our time so that it is less wasted on junk entertainment and more focused on solid relationships with God and our family
Pres. Hinckley urged us not to let FHE fade from our lives, we are prone to be too busy and overschedule ourselves.
Elder Scott let us know that Satan is the one that keeps us distracted with the flashing images, blaring music, and sensory stimulation, to keep us from quiet spiritual promptings.