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PART 1: Peacemaking

Treaties with Germany's allies

All of Germany's allies went to the Paris Peace Conference (Austria-Hungary, Hungary, Bulgaria & Turkey)

Saint Germain (Austria)

Lost Land to Czechoslovakia, Poland & Italy

Army reduced to 30,000 men

Bankrupt before reparations were agreed

Neuilly (Bulgaria)

Lost land to Greece

Army reduced to 20,000

£90 in reparations

Aims of the big 3

Britain, France & Germany in huge debt

Millions of people died in WW1

BRITAIN

David Lloyd George

HIM

Punish Germany, but not too harshly

Wanted to trade with Germany

Wanted Germany's colonies

Didn't want Germany to have navy

PUBLIC

Germany to be punished harshly

1 million British soldiers died

War had been expensive

FRANCE

Georges Clemenceau

HIM

Cripple Germany

Return Alsace-Lorraine

Push Germany's border to Rhineland

Weaken Germany so it could never attack France

Reparations for damage caused (to farmland, houses & factories)

Revenge for all lives lost

AMERICA

Woodrow Wilson

HIM

Fair peace so Germany would not seek revenge

Help Germany & Europe recover, so they could trade with USA

14 points

Free Trade

Disarmament

Self determination

Freedom of the seas

League of Nations

Terms of the Treaty

Land

13% of land lost

Alsace-Lorraine, Poland, African Colonies

Saar land coalfields given to France for 15 years

Prohibited from uniting with Austria

Army

Reduced to 100,000 men (Conscription banned)

Limited to 6 warships

No aircrafts, submmarines or navy

No troops allowed in the Rhineland (French border)

Money

£6.6 billion in reparations

Germany couldn't afford this

Estimated to take until 1988 to pay back

Blame

Germany & its allies blamed for war

Germany hated this the most

Meant all other terms could be enforced

Reactions to the Treaty

FRANCE

Public

OVERALL: Not Harsh Enough

Pleased with demilitarisation of Rhineland & reparations

Control of Saar coalfields for 15 years

Furious treaty was not harsh enough

Clemenceau

Angry Germany still had army

Wanted Rhineland to be taken away from Germany

Wanted Saar land permanently

Thought the reparations were too small

AMERICA

Public

OVERALL: Too Harsh

Treaty was unfair against Germans

Helped Britain & France become rich & powerful

Felt USA shouldn't get involved

Woodrow Wilson

Felt treaty was too harsh, didn't want to risk another war

US senate refused to sign the Treaty

Never joined League of Nations

14 points ignored

BRITAIN

Public

OVERALL: Fair

Believed it could have been harsher

Lloyd George greeted as a hero upon return

David Lloyd George

Pleased

More colonies for British Empire

German navy restricted

Concerned

Reparations too harsh, meant trade was a problem

Germans would hate treaty, could cause another war

German Reaction to the Treaty

DEFENCLESS

Military Impact

Feared communism

Germany left vulnerable, smaller army

German army was their national pride

Treaty Signing

German politicians had little choice but to sign the Treaty

Couldn't risk another war or invasion

"November Criminals" (People who signed the treaty)

Accused of stabbing Germans in the back

WAR GUILT CLAUSE

Germans hated that the most

Believed it to be totally unfair

HUMILIATED

Economic Impact

Forced to give up coalfields of the Saar

Lost 16% of coal and 48% of steel

Land Impact

Lost overseas colonies

Lost 13% of land

6 million Germans living in different countries

TREATY HARSHNESS

Diktat

Germany not allowed to negotiate the terms

Millions felt that it was forced upon them

Kaiser Fled

Forced to resign

Believed it should not be punished for Kaiser's actions

Reparations

£6.6 billion was rediculous

German economy in ruins

Didn't know how they could pay the reparations

PART 2: The League of Nations

League of Nations Aims

To encourage cooperation and solve social & economic issues

To improve working conditions

End slavery

Tackle diseases

"Police the world"

Maintain peace

Disarmament

Arbitration (talk about disputes, not fight)

Collective security (Working together to control attacker)