Chapter 9: Developmental Psychology
Research
Prenatal Influences on Development
Motor/Sensory Development
Parenting
Stage Theories
Cognitive Development
Moral Development
Gender and Development
cross sectional
longitudinal
uses participants of different ages to compare how certain variables may change over the life span
takes places over a long period of time
Genetics
Teratogens
chemicals that can cause harm if ingested or contracted by the mother
fetal alcohol syndrome
fetal alcohol effect
Reflexes
Motor Development
neurons in the brain connect with one another and become myelinated
Attachment Theory
Parenting Styles
Harry Harlow
Mary Ainsworth
strange situation
secure attachment
avoidant attachments
anxious/ambivalent attachment
parents left babies alone for a short period of time and then returned, then recorded different reactions
resist being held by the parents and will explore the novel environment
explore the novel environment while the parents are present, are distressed when they leave, and come to the parents when they return
have ambivalent reactions to the parents
raised baby monkeys with two artificial wire frame figures made to resemble mother monkeys
Konrad Lorenz
Diana Baumrind
Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative
strict standards for their children's behavior and apply punishments for violations of these rules
do not set clear guidelines for their children
set, consistent standards for their children's for their children's behavior, but the standards are reasonable and explained
continuity vs. discontinuity
Lev Vygotsky's "zone of proximal development"
Sigmund Freud
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Stage
Genital Stage
Erik Erikson
Trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
identity vs. role confusion
intimacy vs. isolation
generativity vs. stagnation
integrity vs. despair
Jean Piaget
assimilation
incorporate our experiences into these existing schemata
sensorimotor stage
preoperational stage
concrete operations
object permanence
egocentric thinking in children
concepts of conservation
volume
area
number
formal operations
hypothesis testing
information-processing model
Lawrence Kohlberg
preconventional
conventional
postconventional
self-defined ethical principles
biased towards males
gender roles
gender typing
social learning theory
gender schema theory