Chapter 9: Developmental Psychology

Research

Prenatal Influences on Development

Motor/Sensory Development

Parenting

Stage Theories

Cognitive Development

Moral Development

Gender and Development

cross sectional

longitudinal

uses participants of different ages to compare how certain variables may change over the life span

takes places over a long period of time

Genetics

Teratogens

chemicals that can cause harm if ingested or contracted by the mother

fetal alcohol syndrome

fetal alcohol effect

Reflexes

Motor Development

neurons in the brain connect with one another and become myelinated

Attachment Theory

Parenting Styles

Harry Harlow

Mary Ainsworth

strange situation

secure attachment

avoidant attachments

anxious/ambivalent attachment

parents left babies alone for a short period of time and then returned, then recorded different reactions

resist being held by the parents and will explore the novel environment

explore the novel environment while the parents are present, are distressed when they leave, and come to the parents when they return

have ambivalent reactions to the parents

raised baby monkeys with two artificial wire frame figures made to resemble mother monkeys

Konrad Lorenz

Diana Baumrind

Authoritarian

Permissive

Authoritative

strict standards for their children's behavior and apply punishments for violations of these rules

do not set clear guidelines for their children

set, consistent standards for their children's for their children's behavior, but the standards are reasonable and explained

continuity vs. discontinuity

Lev Vygotsky's "zone of proximal development"

Sigmund Freud

Oral Stage

Anal Stage

Phallic Stage

Latency Stage

Genital Stage

Erik Erikson

Trust vs. mistrust

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Initiative vs. guilt

industry vs. inferiority

identity vs. role confusion

intimacy vs. isolation

generativity vs. stagnation

integrity vs. despair

Jean Piaget

assimilation

incorporate our experiences into these existing schemata

sensorimotor stage

preoperational stage

concrete operations

object permanence

egocentric thinking in children

concepts of conservation

volume

area

number

formal operations

hypothesis testing

information-processing model

Lawrence Kohlberg

preconventional

conventional

postconventional

self-defined ethical principles

biased towards males

gender roles

gender typing

social learning theory

gender schema theory