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Miscellaneous eye condition - Coggle Diagram
Miscellaneous eye condition
Eye allergies
Definition
include redness in the white of your eye or inner eyelid
Introduction
Nothing is more frustrating than having the sensation that something is in your eye. It might be allergies if your eyes are swollen and irritated and you can't see much in them. Symptoms may appear on their own, but they typically occur in conjunction with sneezing, sniffling, or a stuffy nose caused by nasal allergies.
Pathophysiology
If your eyes are itchy, swollen, tearing, or burning, you could have allergic conjunctivitis, a disease that affects millions of people in the United States. Many people treat nasal allergy symptoms but neglect itchy, swollen, watery eyes.
signs and symptoms
Burning
Clear, watery discharge
Redness
Itching
Causes
Dust
Certain medication
Sensitivity to cosmetics
Pollen from grass, trees and weeds
Nursing intervention
Avoid triggers by making changes to your home and your routine
Keep windows closed during high pollen periods; use air conditioning in your home and car.
Wear glasses or sunglasses when outdoors to keep pollen out of your eyes
Use “mite-proof” bedding covers to limit exposure to dust mites, and a dehumidifier to control mold.
Wash your hands after petting any animal.
Control some symptoms with nonprescription medications, sold over the counter:
Artificial tears
Decongestant eyedrops (don’t use eyedrops for “red eye” longer than a week, or they can make things worse)
Oral antihistamines (note that they may dry your eyes and make your symptoms worse)
See an allergist for prescription medications, which may be more effective:
Eyedrops (decongestant, antihistamine, mast cell stabilizer, corticosteroid, NSAID)
Allergy shots (immunotherapy)
Nonsedating oral antihistamines (note that they may dry your eyes and make your symptoms worse)
Conclusion
The diseases SAC and PAC are very common. There are conditions that can have a big effect on a patient's productivity and quality of life. Pharmacists play an important role in the treatment of AC; they may make a big difference by recognizing patients who are self-medicating and educating them about how to treat the condition properly. Allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy can be combined in management techniques. Individualized treatment should be determined by the frequency and severity of bothersome symptoms.
References
https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/red-itchy-eyes-could-it-be-allergies
http://www.sapajournal.co.za/index.php/SAPA/article/view/805/1443
Retinal detachment
Retinal detachment is a serious eye condition that happens when your retina -- a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that processes light -- pulls away from the tissue around it.
Introduction
Introduction of retina detach
Your retina could tear before it detaches. A torn retina usually has the same symptoms as a detached one.
If your retina gets torn, the fluid inside your eye can leak underneath and separate the retina from its underlying tissue. That's a retinal detachment.
Go to the eye doctor right away. They can fix it in the office with a laser procedure. If it detaches fully, you'll need more serious surgery to repair it.
Causes
Diabetes mellitus
Age
Eye injury
Inflammation
Nursing intervention
Laser (thermal) or freezing (cryopexy)
Pneumatic retinopexy.
Scleral buckle.
Vitrectomy.
Signs and symptoms
Photopsia, or sudden, brief flashes of light outside the central part of their vision, or peripheral vision
A significant increase in the number of floaters, the bits of debris in the eye that make us see things floating in front of us
A heavy feeling in the eye
Straight lines start to appear curved
A sensation that a transparent curtain is coming down over the field of vision
Conclusion
The aging of the human eye involves a series of changes in visual performance that can be readily detected in the healthy adult. Reduced visual functioning need not have any effect on job performance, but for some individuals it will.
It is obviously in the employer's interest to be responsive to the visual needs of older workers—indeed, of all workers. A firm may save considerable time and money in building and sustaining a productive work force through health care and employment policies in which vision care has been given a prominent role. Evidence shows that some businesses have already done a lot to satisfy their employees' vision needs, but there is still a lot of work to be done.
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218979/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780750610247/the-eye-in-systemic-disease
Uveitis
Definition
Is an inflammation to the middle layers of the eye (the uvea)
Introduction
Uveitis is a term that refers to a group of inflammatory diseases that cause swelling and redness in the eye, as well as the destruction of eye tissue. Uveitis, or prolonged episodes of inflammation inside the eye, if left untreated or undertreated, may result in scarring and blindness.
Causes
Trauma
Inflammatory disease
Infection
Signs and symptoms
Pain
dark floating spots in your vision, called floaters
severe redness in the eye
light sensitivity
Pathophysiology
Uveitis is swelling of the middle layer of the eye, which is called the uvea. It may occur from both infectious and non-infectious causes. The uvea supplies blood to the retina. The retina is the light-sensitive part of the eye that focuses the images you see and sends them to the brain. It’s normally red due to its blood supply from the uvea.
Uveitis usually isn’t serious. More severe cases can cause vision loss if not treated early
Nursing intervention
Treatment for anterior uveitis, or iritis, includes dark glasses, eye drops to dilate the pupil and reduce pain, and steroid eye drops to reduce inflammation or irritation.
Treatment for posterior uveitis may include steroids taken by mouth, injections around the eye, and visits to additional specialists to treat the infection or autoimmune disease. A body-wide bacterial infection is usually treated with antibiotics.
Treatment for intermediate uveitis includes steroid eye drops and steroids taken by mouth.
Conclusion
Uveitis beginning in childhood is a serious disease associated with sight-threatening complications. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-associated uveitis remains a leading cause of ocular morbidity in patients with childhood uveitis.
References
https://www.aao.org/focalpointssnippetdetail.aspx?id=43200fa3-690a-4d76-bcfc-82c35dd2155b
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8600412/#:~:text=Conclusion%3A%20Uveitis%20beginning%20in%20childhood,in%20patients%20with%20childhood%20uveitis
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Corneal ulcer
Definition
Is a small ulcer on the front part of the eye, usually resulting from infection
Introduction
Corneal ulcers are inflammatory or infective conditions of the cornea that include destruction of the epithelial layer and involvement of the corneal stroma. It's a common ailment in humans, particularly in tropical and agrarian societies.
Pathophysiology
Ulcers are characterized by corneal epithelial defects with underlying inflammation and necrosis of the corneal stroma. Corneal ulcers tend to heal with scar tissue, resulting in opacification of the cornea and decreased visual acuity.
Causes
Bacterial infection
Viral infection
Parasitic infections
Fungal infection
Signs and symptoms
Severe pain
Redness
Tears
Blurry vision
Nursing intervention
Depending on the cause of your ulcer, you’ll probably get antibiotic, antiviral, or antifungal eye drops. You might need to use these as often as once an hour for several days.
To treat pain, your doctor may also give you oral painkillers or drops to widen (dilate) your pupil.
If medications don’t help or if the ulcer is severe, you might need a corneal transplant. Your doctor takes out your cornea and replaces it with a healthy one from another person.
You’ll need to see your doctor every day until they tell you to stop. Call them right away if your symptoms get worse, such as blurry vision, pain, or discharge.
Conclusion
As compared to patients undergoing TPK for an infectious perforated corneal ulcer, patients undergoing TPK for a sterile perforated corneal ulcer are more likely to have perforation in the peripheral cornea and recurrence of the underlying disease condition in the corneal graft, require adjunctive surgical measures in the immediate postoperative period, have reperforation after TPK, and have worse vision with globe loss.
References
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2016/6284595/
https://www.lybrate.com/topic/all-about-corneal-ulcer/2d8f8893c4700dd684a79ef0e9b84280